Herderschule Frankfurt am Main
| Herderschule | |
|---|---|
 Old building front of the Herderschule
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| type of school | Comprehensive school |
| founding | 1911 |
| address |
Wittelsbacherallee 6-12 |
| place | Frankfurt am Main |
| country | Hesse |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 7 '3 " N , 8 ° 42' 6" E |
| carrier | town Frankfurt am Main |
| student | about 600 |
| management | most recently Neumann Beer |
| Website | igs-herder.de |
The Herderschule was a grammar school in the Ostend district of Frankfurt am Main . The school is named after the poet, philosopher and theologian Johann Gottfried Herder . The name of the no longer existing traditional school is continued today by the Integrated Comprehensive School (IGS) Herder in the same building.
Organizational form
The Herderschule was founded in the German Empire in 1911 as a secondary school for girls in the city of Frankfurt am Main in order to enable girls to obtain a higher intellectual education after primary school through a secondary school. In the Third Reich , the Herderschule was designated as a "German High School". After the Second World War it became a high school for girls. For the school year 1968/69 the school was converted into a coeducational high school for girls and boys.
location
The Herderschule was built in a densely populated residential area of Frankfurt's Ostend, in which industrial and commercial buildings had also existed since the end of the 19th century, e.g. B. the nearby soap and perfume factory JG Mouson & Cie. (from 1881) in Bergweg (today: Waldschmidtstraße) or the nearby industrial company of the Naxos Union (from the mid-1870s) in Wittelsbacherallee. The school area is located in the Carrée between Wittelsbacherallee in the west, Waldschmidtstraße in the north, Unterer Atzemer street in the east and Thüringer Straße in the south. The two last-mentioned streets directly adjoin Frankfurt's Zoological Garden , while the school grounds are directly adjacent to the property and the nave of the All Saints Church .
history
Imperial times
The first admission of girls to state high schools and universities arose from 1909 onwards a high demand for secondary general education schools for girls, to which until then only the public elementary school was open until around the age of 14. Committed parents who wanted to enable their daughters to go to higher school and to go to university had by then initiated private lessons at the level of a high school, which was supposed to lead the girls to the Abitur. The lessons were usually given in the afternoon or evening on a fee basis by appropriately open-minded male teachers from state schools. Most men, however, fundamentally reject a higher education for girls as superfluous. The Abitur exams of the privately tutored girls, who mostly came from financially well-off families, were carried out for external students by examiners unknown to the pupils at state secondary schools who, if successful, issued the certificate of maturity.
In Frankfurt am Main, the new need for secondary girls' schools was met, among other things, by the Herderschule newly built in 1910/11 at Wittelsbacherallee 6-12. The school consisted of a main building with two floors and a hipped roof and an annex building at right angles with two floors. Coeducational teaching, i.e. the joint teaching of girls and boys, was not desired at the time.
Another plan concerned the Helmholtz School in Habsburgerallee, a secondary school for boys , which was being built almost at the same time . From 1911, the first preliminary classes of this boys' school, which was still under construction, were prepared within the Herderschule, and the teachers there began to organize their independent school operations from 1912.
During the First World War , schoolchildren got involved in many collection campaigns for the soldiers and the war economy . Towards the end of the war, however, these actions gave an ever greater sense of the long-lost war: in 1918 the schoolgirls were supposed to collect leaves to give to the military service horses as a substitute for feed for hay that was no longer available. Further collection campaigns included As scrap metal, waste paper, brass window handles, rags, nettles as a substitute for cotton, medicinal herbs, tea herbs ... As part of the November Revolution , the portraits of the emperor at the decision of were Workers' and Soldiers Council of 23 November 1918 from all classrooms and administrative offices away.
Weimar Republic
Until 1920, Sedan Day was also celebrated in schools every year at the beginning of September , but a decree by the Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs of August 26, 1920 prohibited any school celebration on this occasion for the first time. Instead, the Constitution Day ( Weimar Constitution ) was celebrated annually from August 11, 1920 .
After the First World War , the Weimar Republic gradually reformed the German school system; However, this mostly did not change anything in the organizational form of existing higher schools, which were separated by gender. Instead, experimental reform schools such as the relatively close Frankfurt Reform Elementary School Röderberg (1921) were set up, whose lessons initially took place in various schools in Frankfurt's Ostend due to the lack of a school building, including the Herderschule. It was not until 1930 that the new form of school, the Röderberg reform school, received its own school building on Bornheimer Hang , including a school parliament to promote discourse and a Montessori class. The reform schools offered what was considered a progressive form of co-educational instruction, which was accompanied by conservative forces with great suspicion and even rejection.
Friends of the school and parents made it possible for pupils in need to take part in a stay at the Wegscheide Children's Village .
In 1922 the Herderschule was given a black, red and gold flag for the first time , which was allowed to be raised next to the black and white flag of Prussia . The black-white-red flag of the empire, on the other hand, was banned. In 1923 , the hyperinflation attributable to the First World War and its aftermath led to a schoolchildren's school attendance or the purchase of a textbook costing her parents thousands of Reichsmarks , then millions and finally billions.
In 1925 it was decreed that every higher school in the city was only allowed to set up a single Sexta (5th grade) with a maximum of 55 students, the schools were bursting at the seams.
Third Reich
After January 30, 1933 , the conditions and character of the Herderschule gradually changed. As the first visible measure, the black, red and gold flags of the Weimar Republic disappeared and were replaced by the black, white and red flags of the empire by order of President Paul von Hindenburg . In addition - where possible - the swastika flag should be raised, confirmed by the Reichsflaggengesetz in 1935 . The law to restore the civil service , passed on April 7, 1933, formed the basis for transfers and dismissals of teachers critical of the system (e.g. Jews, pacifists, socialists). Immediately thereafter, on April 25, 1933, the law against the overcrowding of German schools and universities followed , which introduced “racial affiliation” as a criterion for access to secondary schools and universities. From May 2, 1933, the portrait of Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler hung next to that of the aged Reich President in the school classes. The German greeting was introduced on August 12, 1933 .
From December 1, 1933, every student had to pay a compulsory contribution to the Association for Germanness Abroad . The sexual education in school lessons introduced during the Weimar Republic was banned by ministerial decree. After Hindenburg's death on August 2, 1934, teachers were instructed to wear a mourning armband for 14 days during class.
Between 1933 and 1935, the Nazi teachers' association specifically influenced the teaching staff in order to train and convince them in the spirit of the National Socialists . The focus was on heredity and race theory . By 1935 the number of Jewish pupils in public schools had halved; after the November pogroms of 1938 there were almost no Jewish pupils left who were allowed to attend public schools.
From 1936/37 the church struggle and "opinion-forming" subjects such as German and history were the focus of the Nazi regime. Increasingly, the students came to class in uniform, the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM) exerted a far stronger influence on them than the school. In the subject of family studies, the students had to draw up clan charts and family trees of their families. In geography lessons, the concept of home was the basis for the propagated struggle for living space, the distribution of "races" on German soil and the claimed "world reputation" of Germans, in which colonial history also took up a large part. In mathematics, the word problems were trimmed entirely to Nazi ideology, for example, it was about economic considerations of "unworthy" life or military calculations.
From 1941, during the Second World War, the Frankfurt Gestapo's printing inspection facility was housed within the school building. There, publications of all kinds were checked and archived by the secret service and measures were taken if publications did not correspond to Nazi ideology.
During the first British-American major attack on Frankfurt am Main with 400–500 bombers on the night of October 4, 1943, during which around 4,000 high-explosive bombs and around 25,000 incendiary bombs were dropped, the Ostend was one of the hardest hit areas in the city. The Herderschule was badly damaged.
1945-2005
The immediate post-war years were largely shaped by the reconstruction of the school and often improvised teaching. The school buildings were given a new roof that was considerably flatter. In 1955, the reconstruction work at the Herderschule was completed and cost the city 1,288,000 DM.
The 1950s were all about jazz ; students and teachers from the Herderschule attended the Helmholtz Springtime Jazz Festival in the auditorium of the neighboring high school for boys for several years .
On September 1, 1968, coeducational teaching was introduced in the Herderschule, and from then on boys were given access to school for the first time. The increasing number of pupils made the need for additional classrooms grow, which was met in the 1970s with an extension in the schoolyard.
In 2003 it became known that the high school was threatened with closure due to the dwindling number of students. At the end of April 2004, at the instigation of the then Hessian Minister of Education, Karin Wolff , the state education authority instructed the school management not to accept any more new students.
In autumn 2004, the city council passed a resolution to close the Herderschule, but to make the building and grounds partially accessible to the neighboring Helmholtz School (grammar school) and the integrated comprehensive school (IGS) Nordend as their branch. Both schools suffered from a chronic lack of space or from too many pupils. However, the management, pupils and parents of the Helmholtz School showed no interest in such a solution.
Exclusive use by IGS Nordend or the establishment of a new IGS in the premises of the former Herderschule required a political decision, which was very controversial in the CDU, as it was viewed as a signal to replace a grammar school with a comprehensive school. Such a change in the city's school development plan had to be made by the city parliament before the Ministry of Education could decide on it.
After the Herder School was closed as a grammar school - shortly before its 100th anniversary - the students from neighboring grammar schools, such as the Helmholtz School, were taken on. The summer farewell party of the Herderschule on July 15, 2005 had the motto "Farewell to our school - a 94-year tradition is coming to an end".
The city of Frankfurt am Main still runs the Herderschule in 2012 as a grammar school with Russian as a third foreign language, a Chinese study group and an intensive course for foreign lateral entrants. The city of Frankfurt publishes further official announcements about the Herderschule on its website.
Working groups
- The Herderschule maintained, among other things, a Chinese group.
New use from 2005
The school building and grounds in Wittelsbacherallee are now used by the Integrated Comprehensive School (IGS) Herder, which has also taken over the namesake. The school operation of the IGS Herder started in the school year 2005/06.
Individual evidence
- ^ Deutsches Historisches Museum: Weg einer Schule under the Nazi regime , 1933–1944
- ^ German Historical Museum: Guidelines for Racial Studies , 1935
- ^ German Historical Museum: School under the Nazi regime
- ↑ The Frankfurter Geheime Staatspolizei on: klapperfeld.de
- ↑ 1955: Completion of the reconstruction of the Herderschule ( Memento from June 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on: aufbau-ffm.de
- ↑ Parents and teachers protest in the school committee . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 3, 2004 on: faz.net
- ↑ City Parents' Advisory Board calls for a decision on the Herder School building . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 28, 2005 on: faz.net
- ↑ Farewell to our school - A 94-year tradition is coming to an end ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on :haben-know.de
- ^ Herderschule Frankfurt am Main at: frankfurt.de accessed on Feb. 27, 2020
- ^ Herderschule Frankfurt am Main at: frankfurt.de accessed on Feb. 27, 2020
- ↑ Somehow it has had its day . In: Frankfurter Rundschau, October 23, 2008 at: fr-online.de
- ^ School history of the IGS Herder on: igs-herder.de accessed on Feb. 27, 2020
