Lords of Ras

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The Lords of Ras were a noble family of the 12th and 13th centuries in the area around the Rosental in southern Carinthia . Her ancestral seat was Ras Castle near St. Jakob im Rosental , later she also owned Rosegg Castle . In 1188, the speeders allied with the Lords of Finkenstein . Since then, in addition to the main line that existed until 1315/18, the house of Finkenstein-Ras existed, which did not end until around 1340.

Genealogical

Pedigree of the Rosental main line

The progenitor of the family is Ruprecht von Ras, he had two sons. While the son Cholos von Ras married into the house of the Finkensteiners, Rudolf von Ras continued the Rosental line and became lord of Rosegg Castle in 1171.

In addition to three daughters, he had two sons, with his older, Rudolf, marrying into the von Mureck family, and his younger, Swicker, inheriting Burg Rosegg.

The connection between the younger Rudolf and Gertrud von Mureck resulted in three sons in addition to a daughter. The last-born, Amelrich , became abbot and later bishop of Lavant , the first-born called himself Rudolf von Ras again.

High free or service aristocracy

The name of the noble family is derived from the field name Rasa for the Rosental, which is documented as early as the 9th century. A first Ras castle was located on the Gratschitzen on the northern slope of the Karawanken, of which only a few remains are preserved today, a second south of Sankt Jakob im Rosental . This was first mentioned in a document in 1171 and abandoned between 1309 and 1317. At the end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th century they built Rosegg Castle , which was first mentioned in a document in 1239.

It is assumed that the Raser possessions originally belonged to the family who founded the Ossiach monastery and that they were inherited by the Styrian Otakare family before 1136 . The speeders, which are mentioned in the sources from around 1143/60, were therefore possibly ministerials of the Otakare, but are also shown as a highly free sex that could freely dispose of their property. It is assumed that the service aristocracy was not composed exclusively of originally unfree sexes. Free men went into the service of higher lords in order to gain advantages such as lucrative offices.

The speeders in their various lines were not only ministerials of the Otakare, but also of the Bamberg bishops and the diocese of Freising . They also had freely available property. It can no longer be clarified to what extent all the gentlemen of Ras were ministerial. Of all known family members, only one, Rudolf I, was definitely ministerial of the last Otakar von Steyr and his Babenberg heirs.

The Lords of Ras also called themselves Glanegg , Wasserleonburg , Federaun and Finkenstein , always after the rule they administered. Cholo I, who alternately called himself Ras, Finkenstein and Federaun according to documents between 1174 and 1202, was appointed by the Bamberg bishop as Vogt of the Arnoldstein monastery .

The sex of the speeders in the sources

  • The first written mention of Rosegg or the Rosental dates back to the period between 875 and 883. Bishop Arnold von Freising exchanged one hat in Maria Wörth for another in loco qui dicitur Rasa .
  • A document from around 1150 lists the possessions of the Diocese of Freising, including the Rosental.
  • The Patriarch of Aquileia gave the Ossiach Abbey in 1171 the patronage rights over a church Sancti Jacobi ... sub castro Rase , so under the fortress Ras.
  • Duke Otakar of Styria confirms that his father gave the Ossiach monastery the chapel in St. Jakob im Rosental and that he is entitled to patronage rights (1189).
  • Between 1180 and 1185 Ludwig von Glanegg donated a farm near Kirchberg an der Raab in Styria to Admont Abbey .
  • In a document issued on June 15, 1239, Rudolf von Ras and his brother Cholo announce the amount of their donations to the Viktring Abbey for the salvation of several deceased family members: seven Huben in Suetschach, two in Krajach, two in Franzendorf and one and a half in the Au unter der Hollenburg.
  • The three brothers Rudolf Cholo and Reimbert declare themselves ready for the resumption of grace by the Salzburg elect on April 22, 1253: to give the Wasserleonburg Castle to the elect and to receive it again as a fiefdom for military service within and outside the country with various Contingents, to compensate for damage and to waive tolls and customs in the area of ​​their locks.
  • Rudolf von Ras renounces Federaun Castle in favor of the Bamberg bishop and pledges to ward off his brothers in conflict with the bishop, for which he is released from captivity (May 16, 1255).
  • On February 14, 1258, the Villach captain Rudolf von Ras, together with the Villach citizens, praised all the people of Count Friedrich von Ortenburg Urfehde for the capture of the bailiff Ulrich von Villach .
  • In two documents from the same year, Rudolf von Ras and Cholo von Wasserleonburg stand as guarantors for the original feud and for the payment of 100 marks each for the release of Cholos von Saldenhofen against Count Heinrich and Friedrich von Ortenburg.
  • In the copy of the Landsberger Bund's document in 1292, a "Rudolf von Raß" is named as a participant in this conspiracy.

Representative

literature

  • Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld : History of Carinthia. Volume 1: The Middle Ages. Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 1984, 2nd edition 2005, ISBN 3-7084-0111-5
  • Monumenta historica Ducatus Carinthiae. Vol. 3 u. 4th

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fräss-Ehrfeld 2005, p. 551
  2. ↑ a b Dehio Carinthia . Schroll, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X , p. 690.
  3. ↑ a b Fräss-Ehrfeld 2005, p. 190
  4. ↑ Gams 1189