Heart leaf plants

Heart leaf plants
	Marsh heart leaf ( Parnassia palustris ), illustration.
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Spindle tree (Celastrales)
Family :	Spindle trees (Celastraceae)
Subfamily :	Heart leaf plants
Scientific name
	Parnassioideae
	Arn.

Heart leaf plants (Parnassioideae) are a subfamily in the spindle tree family (Celastraceae) within the order of the spindle trees (Celastrales).

description

They are perennial herbaceous plants . The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are usually together in a basal rosette. The simple, long-stalked leaves have a serrated or smooth leaf margin. Stipules are missing.

The solitary, hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are five-fold. The five sepals are free or slightly fused at the base. If there are petals then the five are free. There is a circle with five free, fertile stamens , which alternate with five yellow-green sterile nectar leaves (staminodes) (inner stamen circle). Three to four (rarely five) carpels are fused to form a (synkarpen) mainly upper to semi- lower ovary. Each flower contains a thick style with three to four stigmas. Pollination occurs by insects ( entomophilia ).

Three to fourfold capsule fruits are formed that contain many seeds. The winged seeds are relatively small compared to related taxa .

Systematics

Regarding first publications: The Parnassiaceae family was founded in 1820 under the name "Parnassiae" by Ivan Ivanovič Martinov in Tekhno-Bot. Slovar , p. 456. A first description under the name "Parnassieae" for the subfamily, today correctly Parnassioideae, was published in 1832 by George Arnott Walker Arnott in Encyclopedia Britannica , 7th edition, 5, p. 98. A tribe Parnassieae was published by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in Florula Belgica , 1827, p. 115.

Molecular genetic studies have led to the fact that these two genera, which were previously placed in families of their own or in the family of the Saxifragaceae, have been incorporated into the order Celastrales , and it has been shown that the Celastraceae are only monophyletic if these two Genera as a subfamily with in the Celastraceae family, see APG III. Therefore Parnassiaceae Martinov and Lepuropetalaceae Nakai are only synonyms for Parnassioideae Arn.

There are two genera with 51 species in the subfamily Parnassioideae:

Heart leaf ( Parnassia ): With around 50 species in the Holarctic .

Lepuropetalon Elliot (Syn .: Cryptopetalum Hook. & Arn.): Is a monotypic genus with the only species:
Lepuropetalon spathulatum : Occurs in the southeastern USA to Mexico and in Chile.

photos

Swamp heart leaf ( Parnassia palustris ):

swell

The subfamily within the Celastraceae family on the AP website. (Section systematics and description)
Description of the family at DELTA. There only the genus Parnassia . (engl.)
Description of the family in the Flora of Pakistan . (engl.)

Individual evidence

↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
↑ Parnassioideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Parnassiaceae - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[APGIII-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .

[GRIN-2] Parnassioideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.