Illarion Wassiljewitsch Wassiltschikow
Illarion Wassiljewitsch Wassiltschikow ( Russian Илларион Васильевич Васильчиков , also Hilarion Wassiliewitsch Wassiltschikow ; * 1776 ; † March 5, 1847 in Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian general and statesman who served under the Tsars Paul I , Nicholas I , and Alexander I distinguished himself in the Napoleonic Wars and later gained great influence on Russian domestic politics. Vasilchikov was from 1838 to 1847 Chairman of the State Council .
Life
Wassiltschikow was the son of Brigadier General Wassili Alexejewitsch Wassiltschikow (1754-1830) and Katharina geb. Owzyn (died 1832). His brothers were Dimitri Wassiljewitsch Wassiltschikow (1778-1859) and Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Wassiltschikow (1781-1849).
Early military service and service under Paul I and Alexander I.
Vasilchikov entered the military in 1792 at the age of 15 and was quickly promoted. In 1799 he became chamberlain to the Tsar and was known to the heir to the throne, Alexander.
As early as 1801 he was appointed major general. As such, he took part in the 4th coalition war with the cavalry and fought in particular in the Battle of Pultusk .
During Napoleon's Russian campaign , he commanded the 12th Infantry Division at the Battle of Borodino , where he was wounded and promoted to lieutenant general after the battle. After recovery and recovery, he was given command of the 4th Cavalry Corps in 1812, with which he was involved in the fighting at Tarutino and Vyasma . In the Battle of the Berezina he fought near Borisov .
In the campaigns of 1813 he took part with his corps in the Battle of Bautzen , the Battle of the Katzbach and the Battle of Dresden . His corps was assigned to the Silesian Army under Blücher and took part in the Battle of Leipzig with them.
In the winter campaign of 1814 he commanded the cavalry of the Russian corps under General Sacken and fought in the battle of La Rothière , the battle of Montmirail , the battle of Craonne and Fère-Champenoise . After the battle of La Rothière, the Tsar awarded him the Order of Saint George 2nd class.
From 1817 Vasilchikov commanded his own corps of the Guards Cavalry. In 1821 he became a member of the State Council and in 1823 General of the Cavalry .
Work and influence under Nicholas I.
After the sudden death of Tsar Alexander I on November 19, Jul. / December 1, 1825 greg. , who died childless, the succession to the throne was unclear for a few days. A group of officers from the tsarist army then refused to do jul. / December 26, 1825 greg. the oath on the new Tsar Nicholas I.
In this situation, Vasilchikov was loyal to the monarchy. He was not afraid to face the renegades, the so-called Decembrists (also Decembrists ), personally in the Senate seat , but was then also largely responsible for the fact that the Decembrist movement was rigorously and very bloody suppressed on the same day.
Vasilchikov was also a member of the Supreme Criminal Court, which tried the Decembrists, and was therefore jointly responsible for the large number of death sentences and exile sentences.
Through this behavior, Vasilchikov established a close relationship of trust with Nikolaus I.
During the Russo-Turkish War from 1828 to 1829 Vasilchikov accompanied the Tsar to the front. In 1831 he was raised to the rank of count and in the same year he became military governor of Saint Petersburg . He held this position until 1838. In 1833 he also became inspector general of the cavalry.
Vasilchikov reached the height of his influence on Russian politics when he was appointed chairman of the State Council in October 1838. He also became chairman of the Council of Ministers at the same time. In 1839 he was raised to the rank of prince . Prince Vasilchikov remained in the office of Chairman of the State Council until his death. On July 11, 1842, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia awarded him the Order of the Black Eagle .
The Russian statesman and historian Modest Andrejewitsch von Korff wrote about Vasilchikov's special relationship with Tsar Nikolaus I:
"Prince Vasilchikov was the only man in Russia who in all cases and at all times had free access to the tsar and could speak freely in front of him"
family
Illarion Wassiljewitsch Wassiltschikow was married to Vera Petrovna Wassiltschikowa (1780-1814) and his second marriage to Tatyana Vasilievna Wasiltschikowa. Her sons from both marriages were:
- Illarion Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow (1805-1862), Lieutenant General
- Alexander Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow (1818–1881)
- Viktor Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow (1818–1878), Lieutenant General
- Sergei Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow (1822–1860), Major General
- Wassili Illorionowitsch Wassiltschikow (1826–1867)
swell
- Государственный Эрмитаж. Западноевропейская живопись. Каталог / под ред. В.Ф. Левинсона-Лессинга; ред. А.Е. Кроль, К.М. Семенова. - 2-е издание, переработанное и дополненное. - Л .: Искусство, 1981. - Т. 2. - С. 251, кат. diagram 7880. - 360 с.
Individual evidence
- ↑ see: Louis Schneider. The Book of the Black Eagle, page 210 (34), Duncker, Berlin, 1870
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Wassiltschikow, Illarion Wassiljewitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Васильчиков, Илларион Васильевич (Russian spelling); Wassilschikow, Hilarion Wassiliewitsch |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian general |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1776 |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 5, 1847 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |