Sky bamboo
| Sky bamboo | ||||||||||||
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Sky bamboo ( Nandina domestica ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the subfamily | ||||||||||||
| Nandinoideae | ||||||||||||
| Lindl. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Nandina | ||||||||||||
| Thunb. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Nandina domestica | ||||||||||||
| Thunb. ex Murray |
The sky bamboo ( Nandina domestica ), also called Nandine , has nothing to do with bamboo (subfamily of sweet grasses ) apart from the name, but is a shrub from the family of the barberry family (Berberidacea). It is the only species in the genus Nandina and the subfamily Nandinoideae , which are called monotypic for this reason .
Occurrence
The sky bamboo comes from altitudes between 0 and 600 m above sea level. NN in Japan , Central China and India. It is mainly found on river banks and roadsides. The species and its varieties are used as ornamental shrubs.
In the southern United States , the sky bamboo is considered an invasive plant .
Word origin
The German name sky bamboo refers to the frequent use of the plant in temple gardens in Japan, the scientific name Nandina seems to be a corruption of the Japanese name (in the Latin version) Nanten Zoku .
description
The sky bamboo is an evergreen , unreinforced shrub with upright, barely branched, tubular branches. It is multi-stemmed and can reach heights of up to 2 meters. The leaves , red when they emerge, later turn fresh green on the top and light green on the underside; the autumn color ranges from intense yellow to orange to purple. Without falling off, the leaves turn green again in spring. The alternate leaves are two to three times pinnate and 30 to 50 cm long; the entire leaflets are elliptical-lanceolate and up to 7 centimeters long. Stipules are absent.
The sky bamboo is dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). In summer (June to July), 12 to 100 flowers appear in terminal upright paniculate inflorescences up to 35 centimeters long . Per flower there are 27 to 36 cream-colored to white bracts arranged in a spiral, which change continuously from the outside to the inside from calyx to corolla-like. The male flowers contain six stamens. In autumn, spherical, bright red and long-lasting berries with a diameter of 6 to 9 mm are formed and contain one to three gray to brownish seeds. The plant is poisonous.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Multiplication
The sky bamboo is dioecious, separate sexes (diocesan), so plants of both sexes are necessary for the development of the berries; however, hermaphrodite forms were also bred. Propagation takes place by sowing or by cuttings .
Expectations
The hardy sky bamboo in Central Europe prefers a slightly shady location and fertile soil. Basically, however, it also thrives in a sunny location. The only problem is the winter sun in severe frost. It is rarely kept as an outdoor plant, more often as a container plant . Planting out is not a problem, especially in the Upper Rhine Valley or in wine-growing areas, as it can tolerate temperatures down to −15 degrees.
Cultivated forms
The 'Nana' variety is a dwarf form of the shrub, the leaves of which turn scarlet to deep red in autumn and winter. It is also known under the names 'Compacta' or 'Pygmaea'.
'Firepower' has pink to red leaves in winter.
'Harbor Dwarf' spreads over rhizomes and is suitable as a ground cover .
'Richmond', a hermaphrodite grown in New Zealand, does not depend on any other plant for pollination.
'Umpqua Chief' grows up to 2 meters high.
Systematics
The description of the genus Nandina came from the first description of the species Nandina domestica by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1781.
In 1986 the genus Nandina was described by Armen Tachtadschjan as a separate family Nandinaceae, it has the status of a subfamily today.
literature
- Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of Plants. 10,000 species in text and images . 3rd, updated edition. Könemann, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-8290-0868-6 .
- Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 17th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3573-6 .
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods . 2nd Edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2006, ISBN 3-8001-4832-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nandina domestica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
