Hohenreut
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Hohenreut
Hohenreuth municipality Gschwend
Coordinates: 48 ° 54 ′ 56 ″ N , 9 ° 45 ′ 22 ″ E
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| Height : | approx. 470 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 20 (Dec. 31, 2010) |
| Incorporation : | 1806 |
| Postal code : | 74417 |
| Area code : | 07972 |
Hohenreut is a district of the municipality of Gschwend in Baden-Württemberg and belongs to the Ostalb district . The hamlet with 20 inhabitants is located 2 km southeast of the main town of Gschwend in the valley of the Schlechtbach , a right tributary of the Gschwender Rot .
Surname
The village name appears in different spellings - under Hohenreut, Hohenreuth, Hochreut or dialect Hohreut, Haureit. The defining word is the adjective high and the basic word -reut (e), Middle High German -riute / -riet, dialect -reid (ә) / -raodә for clearing / clearing, piece of land reclaimed by clearing.
history
After the rule of the Hohenstaufen dynasty in the 13th century, their ministerials tried to build power bases. So are the Limpurg taverns . Their efforts to bring the imperial city of Hall with its wealth of salt under their rule failed. However, the taverns were able to expand their residences in Obersontheim , Speckfeld as well as Schmiedelfeld and Gaildorf . So they also got power over the Gschwender area. Since there are documentary records from the 14th century about Humberg , Gschwend, Hohenreusch , Mittelbronn , Birkhof and Schlechtbach , the Hohenreut area was probably also cleared for a permanent settlement at this time, although it did not appear in documents until 1557.
The domains of the monasteries, imperial cities and noble houses were not clearly delimited areas. Within a village, numerous legal, military, economic and financial rights could be in the hands of different masters (condominium). This led to disputes about the responsibilities of the rulers among themselves. In order to disentangle this situation, the Limpurg House began trading and buying property in the first half of the 16th century. In this context Hohenreut was listed in a document in 1557. From this it became clear that the Gotteszell monastery, located in the area of the imperial city of Gmünd , ceded a fall estate to the lordship of Limpurg-Gaildorf through an area swap . Because of the dispute over the November tenth , negotiations took place in Gschwend on May 18, 1570. This legal case dragged on into the 18th century. Hohenreut is also listed in the Salbuch of the Seelach Office in 1554, as is u. a. in the stock ledger of 1610 as valid, d. H. taxable place, with its items of goods and the associated obligations of the subjects.
Hohenreut was described by the Royal Statistical-Topographical Bureau as follows: "From Hohenreut, three quarters of an hour south-east of Gschwend, on the left bank of the Schlechtbach, the Schlechtbacher Markung estate was enlarged and in 1674 consisted of 2 half farms, 1 fief and 1 Sölde". For centuries Hohenreut was the home of Limpurg's inns.
The Limpurger Land
From the Middle Ages until the beginning of the 19th century, the Limpurg Land was the dominion of the Limpurg taverns. As early as the 12th century, this Swabian - Franconian noble family held the office of imperial taverns. Through succession, the Limpurgian rulership was divided several times. The last counts of the two main lines Limpurg-Gaildorf and Limpurg-Speckfeld left behind 10 daughters after their death in 1713, who married into different count families. So the Limpurgian parts of the country continued to split up. In 1790 Hohenreut belonged to the Limpurg-Gaildorf-Wurmbrand part of the country. The county of Limpurg covered about 380 square kilometers in all lines in 1785 and had 14,404 inhabitants.
Administrative restructuring
Until 1806 Hohenreut belonged to the Limpurg-Wurmbrand part of the county Limpurg with Gaildorf as the seat of power. After the dissolution of the Old Kingdom , the entire county of Limpurg fell to the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806 . Württemberg was divided into 12 districts with 77 upper offices and the residential city of Stuttgart. The newly formed Oberamt Gaildorf came to the district of Ellwangen , under whose roof the three communities of Altersberg , Frickenhofen and Gschwend u. a. formed with the district of Hohenreut.
The administrative structure was changed in 1810 and 1818. From 1810, Württemberg consisted of 12 provincial bailiffs with 64 new higher offices plus Stuttgart. Oberamt Gaildorf was in the Landvogtei am Kocher. In 1818 larger units were created. Four districts replaced the bailiffs, with the Oberamt Gaildorf joining the Jagstkreis . This administrative structure was retained until 1924. Hohenreut belonged as a district of the community of Gschwend to the Oberamt Gaildorf. Württemberg remained a sovereign state until 1871, then a member state of the German Reich until 1945. Between 1945 and 1952, Württemberg was divided between the states of Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern, until it became part of the state of Baden-Württemberg of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1952.
Hohenreut in the cadastral maps
In the years 1818–1840 the first land survey of all of Württemberg was carried out. In 1830 the original map was created for this area , which is still preserved today for the Ostalb district.
Hohenreuter Höfe around 1830
Building of courtyard no. l
A = residential building with barn and stables (later Hohenreut 1)
B = Ausgedingehaus with barn (later Hohenreut 2)
building from courtyard no. 2
D = residential building with barn and stables (later Hohenreut 3)
C = barn
E = baking hut from yard no. 1 and yard no. 2 together
From the original map from 1830, the approximately 1300 map sheets of the Ostalb district can be viewed and enlarged in the original scale 1: 2500 in the Ostalbmap.
Development history of the farms
According to the description of the Oberamt Gaildorf in 1852 by the Royal Statistical-Topographical Bureau, Stuttgart 1852 and according to the pastor and historian JP Heinrich Prescher, a fall property was cultivated in Hohenreut in 1557. If a farmer received a dropping property from his master in return for duties and services, this and its equipment fell back to the landlord after his death and could thus be re-assigned. In 1557 the Limpurger gentlemen exchanged fallen goods from the town of Gmünd for Hohenreut and enlarged them with goods from the Schlechtbacher mark.
In addition, the description of the Oberamt Gaildorf states that Hohenreut in 1674 consisted of two half farms, a fief and a Sölde. These are not the four farms here today. A Sölde / Selde was a property that had too little land to support the family. The mercenary usually had to pursue an additional income, e.g. B. as a cobbler, saddler, blacksmith or tailor. A fiefdom was land, possibly with buildings, that the landlord made available to the farmer and received taxes in return. So the Sölde and the fief in Hohenreut u. U. not a stable construct for eternity. If they were dissolved, the lands could have been transferred to the two “half” farms. The linguistic usage at that time of half farms or eighth farms or the like expressed the size of the agricultural property. This classification indicated the tax power of the farm.
In the stock book of the Limpurgian administration from 1751 Jacob Joos and Jacob Müller are listed as the owners of the two Hohenreut estates.
H. Prescher describes in 1785: “Hohreut or Hohenreut, in the Schlechtbacher Thälchen a little further up, consists of two farms, including not inconsiderable forests, fields and meadows. ... The local two subjects also own a sawmill in Schmidbügel ”.
The geographical lexicon of Franconia from April 1800 reads: "Hohenreuth, little village, consisting of two farms, in the Gaildorf Wurmbrandischen Amte Gschwend, in the county of Limpurg, has 25 inhabitants". - For Georgi 1809/10, only the two farmers Ludwig Joos and Georg Wahl were listed in the Extraordinari Tax Register of the Schultheiserey Gschwend under Hohenreut (without the Haldenhaus).
In the building cadastre table from 1819 to 1823, only courtyards No. 1 by Joos and No. 2 registered by Wahl - each with a two-story house, barn, stables and bakery. During this time, the dump house, owned by Jacob Schober, was already built in the neighborhood.
As late as 1830, the original map in Hohenreut shows two courtyards, only on the left side of the Schlechtbach. The Salinhütte was also only built on the right side of the stream around 1835.
The Voignerhof, courtyard no. 2, in later parlance Hohenreut 3 remained undivided for centuries. In contrast, at court no. 1 major restructuring took place in the 1830s and 1940s. It was run by the Joos farming family for generations until Jacob Joos sold the entire agricultural property to the two Schock families from Gschwend in 1833. These two cousins shared it among themselves. It was an advantage that there were two separate houses. Gottfried Schock, citizen and half-farmer from Gschwend, bought the part of the Engelhof with a two-story house with barn and stables (later called Hohenreut 1). His cousin Johannes Schock, citizen and carter from Gschwend, received the other part of farm no. 1 with Ausgedingehaus and Scheuer (later called Hohenreut 2). In 1833, three farm properties were created in Hohenreut from two farms.
Emigrants
Around 1850 there was great need. A hundred families in Gschwend had to make a living from begging. In addition, the riot spread, and last but not least, the great fire of 1857 raged in the community of Gschwend. Many young men emigrated during these years of need.
Administrative and municipal reform
The four districts of Württemberg (since 1818) were dissolved in 1924. Thus there were only 61 districts (former senior offices) and the city of Stuttgart until 1938. In 1934 the administrative term Oberamt was renamed to district. Hitler brought the federal states into line with the German Reich and dissolved the organs of local self-government in 1933.
In 1938, 34 new rural districts and 3 independent cities were created in Württemberg. The Limpurger Land was divided between the Schwäbisch Hall and Backnang districts. The former Oberamt Gaildorf no longer existed. Gschwend, including Hohenreut, was incorporated into the Backnang district by the end of 1972 .
The restructuring of the districts resulted in 35 rural districts and 9 urban districts in Baden-Württemberg. The Backnang district was dissolved. Almost all of the Limpurger Land came to the Schwäbisch Hall district with the exception of the Gschwend community, which was incorporated into the Ostalb district.
The change in license plates for Hohenreut
| Motor vehicle concentration camp | Period | Jurisdiction |
|---|---|---|
| III P | from 1906 until after the Second World War | Jagstkreis |
| AW | 1948 - June 30, 1956 | American occupation zone Württemberg-Baden |
| W. | 1950 - June 30, 1956 | Württemberg |
| BK | July 1, 1956 - December 31, 1972 | Backnang district |
| AA | since 1/1/1973 | Ostalbkreis |
| AA, GD | since February 2013 | Ostalbkreis |
literature
- Sierig, Volker: Our village of Hohenreut - history and stories. Deggendorf 2012, 125 pages with 5 pages of sources, self-published by Volker Sierig, Probstei 2, D-94469 Deggendorf
- Prescher, Johann Philipp Heinrich: History and description of the imperial county Limpurg belonging to the Franconian district. First part, Stuttgart 1789 and Zewyter and last part, Stuttgart 1790
- Konietzny, Walter (ed.): Heimatbuch - portrait and history of the community Gschwend in the Ostalbkreis. Gschwend 2008, available from W. Konietzny, Hagstraße 2, 74417 Gschwend
- Archive of the community of Gschwend
- Church records of the Evangelical Church in Gschwend