Horster Erbstollen
| Horster Erbstollen | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| other names | Horst Erbstollen | ||
| Mining technology | Tunnel construction | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1835 | ||
| End of operation | 1879 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | |||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 25 '45.5 " N , 7 ° 6' 30.6" E | ||
|
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| Location | horst | ||
| local community | eat | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | eat | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The Horster Erbstollen (also Horst Erbstolln ) is a former Erbstollen in Horst (now Essen ). The Erbstollen was on the city limits of Horst and Bochum - Höntrop . The tunnel mouth hole was located at the Vogelsang hydroelectric power station . The tunnel was used to the nearby tunnel mines solve and served at the same time to promote the mined coal mines to the other carbon magazine at the Ruhr . Since the tunnel was at risk of flooding due to its location, it was secured with flood gates.
history
The beginnings
In 1813 the suspicion was lodged. In the first half of the 1830s, a tunnel at the Wecklenbank colliery was cleared . In 1834, the tunnel was already cleared to a length of 259 laughs . For this work, the trades had to pay between 70 and 80 thalers a month in extra fines . On March 23, 1835, the right to inherit the tunnel at the Wecklenbank colliery was granted . Baron von Elbersfeld was noted in the documents as the main trades, and he urged that the Erbstollen be opened quickly. At this point the tunnel had meanwhile driven 465 pokers. In February 1836 the tunnel was first mentioned in the documents with the name Horster Erbstollen . In the same year the tunnel was north ascended , but there was no separate breakdown instead. At the beginning of 1838 the tunnel reached a length of 1,100 laughs. At this point the tunnel had already passed the village of Eiberg . The tunnel should allow the fields to be loosened to have a construction height of 40 to 70 meters. It was planned to solve the as yet unscratched fields of Maria Anna, Lisette and Vereinigte Marie . In May of the same year the tunnel reached a length of 1255 laughs and was in the disturbed zone in front of the Primus jump. Due to the very fissured, torn and water-bearing rock, there was strong water inflow into the tunnels in January of the following year. In February of the same year, operations were stopped due to the high water in the Ruhr, which had caused the tunnel to be partially flooded and muddy. In 1840 the western marrow of the United Maria Anna & Steinbank colliery was reached. On December 31 of the same year, the tunnel was 1652 laughs long.
The further excavation and operation
In 1841, a diagonal crosscut to the north was set at a length of 1735 Lachter . To improve the ventilation , a weather stove was installed in March of the following year . On December 31 of the same year, the diagonal crosscut reached a length of 69 laughs. Thus, as early as 1804, Lachter had come up from the Stollenmundloch. In 1843, the seam Maria Anna was approached with a length of 73 puddles in a diagonal crosscut. The seam was 33 inches in total , of which 30 inches was pure coal, one inch burn slate, and two inches deaf coal. The seam had a northward dip of 74.8 gons . In the same year the tunnel reached a total length of 4600 meters. It thus reached under the Höntrop Südpark. He had now arrived in the middle of the mine field of the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery . In the following year, the pit water from the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery was released and the coal mined from the colliery was conveyed through the tunnel. On June 19 of the same year a general inspection of the Horster Erbstollen took place. In 1845, the drive of the diagonal crosscut to the north was stopped, a weather shaft was sunk and a crosscut to the south was added. In the same year, the rightful inheritance tunnel fell to the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery.
In 1846 a second cross passage to the north was set up, and horse transport was started up in the tunnel . The horse promotion continued until the Ruhr defeat. In September 1848, in the second cross passage to the north, the upper parts of the field were loosened by Vereinigte Maria Anna Steinbank and the drive was also postponed. At this time, the Horster Erbstollen reached a length including the wing locations of around five kilometers. At that time, the tunnel was only used to drain water and to extract coal for the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery. In 1850 a horse-drawn railway was built over the surface to Steele , which reached a length of 752 laughs. In 1851, the planned Baron Ludwig von Elber Feldt , the delivery operation to abandon the Erbstollen. The reason for this was the annually recurring Ruhr flood and the associated uncertainty for the operation of the Marianne colliery. In 1854, the production in the tunnel was stopped, as there was now a direct connection of the horse-drawn railway from the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery to the Prince Wilhelm Railway in Essen-Überruhr . In the following years, the Horster Erbstollen was only used to drain water from the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery.
The last few years
From 1862 the Horster Erbstollen was taken out of service after the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery was closed and was only used to drain the pit water. In addition, necessary maintenance work was carried out. In 1863 the tunnel mouth hole was filled in during the construction of the Steele-Wattenscheid railway line. In order to be able to continue driving through the tunnel , an access opening was created. In 1865 the tunnel was already in poor condition. By 1869 the Erbstollen had lost its importance. The tunnel was still used to drain the pit water until 1878. The Horster Erbstollen was mentioned for the last time in the documents in 1879.
Current condition
The tunnel mouth hole was closed with two millstones, it is located at the end of the road In der Lake in the area of the barrage of the Horster Mühle hydroelectric power station. Although it was closed, the tunnel mouth hole can still be seen today when the water level in the Ruhr is low. The best view of the tunnel mouth hole is from the opposite side of the Ruhr, especially outside of the growing season.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
- ^ A b c d e f g h i j Walter Gantenberg, Rolf Köhling, Wilhelm Spieker: Coal and steel determined their lives. 1st edition, Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2000, ISBN 3-88474-281-7 , pp. 51-55.
- ^ Karlheinz Rabas, Karl Albert Rubacht: Mining History Atlas for the city of Essen. 1st edition, Regio Verlag, Werne 2008, ISBN 978-3-929158-22-9 .
- ^ The early mining on the Ruhr: Mundloch des Horster Erbstollen (accessed on April 12, 2011).
Web links
- Early mining on the Ruhr: Horster Erbstollen (accessed on October 2, 2012)
- Early mining on the Ruhr: Historical map around 1840 (accessed on October 2, 2012)
- Early mining on the Ruhr: Map of the situation around 2000 (accessed on October 2, 2012)
- Early mining on the Ruhr: map of the area (accessed on October 2, 2012)