Huajuapan de León
| Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de León | ||
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Coordinates: 17 ° 48 ′ N , 97 ° 47 ′ W Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de León on the map of Oaxaca
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| Basic data | ||
| Country | Mexico | |
| State | Oaxaca | |
| Municipio | Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de León | |
| Residents | 69,839 (2010) | |
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| Detailed data | ||
| surface | 15.5 km 2 | |
| Population density | 4,506 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| height | 1600 m | |
| Post Code | 69000-69007 | |
| prefix | (+52) 953 | |
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Huajuapan de León (short: Huajuapan , officially: Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de León ) is a city with around 75,000 inhabitants in the northwest of the state of Oaxaca in Mexico . It is the seat of the diocese of Huajuapan de León of the Catholic Church and the administrative seat of the Municipios Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de León .
Toponym
The name Huajuapan or Huaxuapan is made up of the following Nahuatl words: huaxin = white-headed mimosa , ohtli = path, apan = river. It therefore means “river of the bald mimosa” or “place of the bald mimosa on the river”. The nickname de León refers to Antonio de León , a local hero of the Mexican War of Independence .
To commemorate the siege of Huajuapan in 1812, the place has been given the honorary title Heroica Villa since 1843 . With a duration of 111 days, this was the longest siege of a place in the fight of the Spanish army against the Mexican insurgents, also it was won by the Mexicans under José María Morelos . Since 1884, when Huajuapan became a city, the honorary title has been Heroica Ciudad ("City of Heroes").
Geography and climate
The city of Huajuapan is located at an altitude of approx. 1600 m in the Mixteca Baja region , a very rough and mountainous region of Oaxaca. The distance to Mexico City is approx. 310 km (driving distance) in a north-westerly direction; the city of Oaxaca de Juarez is about 170 km to the southeast. The climate is temperate to warm; Rain (approx. 700 mm / year) falls mainly in the summer months.
Population development
| year | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| Residents | 53,219 | 57,808 | 69,839 |
Much of the population is of Mixtec descent; In addition to Spanish, they also speak Mixtec or Nahuatl dialects.
economy
Huajuapan is the largest city in the northwest of the Oaxaca Valley; it is on the N190 ( Panamericana ). Various trade and service companies determine the cityscape; smaller industrial companies have settled in the outskirts, but many men have also emigrated to the USA and support their families from there.
history
The first settlement on Cerro de las Minas (smaller sites at Cerrito el Sombrerito y la Soledad and in the Zona Arqueológica Santa Teresa seem to be even a bit older) dates back to around 400 BC. BC back; they are attributed to the Ñuiñe culture, which existed until around 800 AD. During this time there were trade relations ( obsidian , ceramics, fabrics, copal resin etc.) both to the valley of Oaxaca ( Monte Alban ) and to the high valley of Mexico ( Teotihuacán ) and the place developed into a city with about 1000 to 2000 inhabitants; around 800 AD it was abandoned.
In 1525 (or 1561) the Spaniards founded the city of Huajuapan in the immediate vicinity. During the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), the city was besieged by Spanish troops, but held out for 111 days. In the end the besieged won the day with the help of a relief army sent by José María Morelos . In 1884 Huajuapan received city rights.
Attractions
- The excavation site at Cerro de las Minas is of little interest. Some finds were brought to the Museo Regional de Huajuapan .
- The construction of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista , dedicated to John the Baptist , began in 1632; the completion of the vaults and the crossing dome resting on an octagonal drum did not take place until 1812. The diocese was founded by Pope Leo XIII. only installed in 1902. It has two bell towers and three naves .
- The Sagrario or the Capilla del Señor de los Corazones is directly adjacent to the cathedral. Here a crucifix is shown, revered as a miracle worker.
- In the town hall (Palacio Municipal) you can see wall paintings (murales) by the Mexican painter José Luis García.
- The Museo Regional de Huajuapan (MureH) offers an overview of the different periods of the city's history as well as cultural aspects.
- The La Casa de la Pólvora at Cerro de las Minas is built by the Spaniards during the siege of the city powder magazine.
sons and daughters of the town
- José López Alavez (1889–1974), composer and musician
- Ricardo Osorio (* 1980), Mexican soccer player
