Hubert Schardin

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Hubert Schardin 1963

Hubert Reinhold Hermann Schardin (born June 17, 1902 in Deutsch Plassow , Stolp district ; † September 27, 1965 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German ballistician , engineer and university lecturer who mainly researched in the field of short-term photography and high-frequency cinematography .

He was also the director of the Franco-German Research Institute (ISL) in Saint-Louis and the founder and head of the Fraunhofer Institute for Short-Term Dynamics - Ernst Mach Institute (EMI) - in Freiburg im Breisgau.

Scientific importance

The main importance of Hubert Schardin's scientific activity lies in short-term physics . He continued the research of Ernst Mach and Friedrich Ahlborn , which are recorded in about 100 publications. In particular, he further developed the Schlieren and interference methods for investigating fast-moving processes and significantly influenced the development of electro- and magneto-optical short-term shutters as well as photography and cinematography with the help of electrical sparks and X-ray flashes. In addition, he developed short-term measurement technology, a discipline initially intended for the special problems of ballistics, into a general scientific measurement technology, opened up new areas of application and pointed out such. The spark slow-motion camera developed in cooperation with Carl Cranz in 1929 was groundbreaking . Schardin played an important role in the development of the shaped explosive charge , which was later used by the military for armor-piercing weapons.

Life

Schardin was born as the first child of a teacher. After attending school in Hebrondamnitz and Stolp , where he passed his Abitur in 1922, he studied at the Technical Universities of Berlin-Charlottenburg and Munich and took the diploma exam in 1926 in the field of "Technical Physics".

Initially, Schardin worked as a private assistant and from 1930 to 1935 as a permanent assistant to the then leading ballistic adviser Privy Councilor Carl Cranz , whom he was able to win as his doctoral supervisor and from whom he received his doctorate in 1934 on the subject of "About the Töpler's Schlieren Procedure" with distinction. Then, in the fall of 1935, Schardin accompanied his doctoral supervisor to China , where both of them set up a ballistic institute in Nanjing for the Chinese military . While Schardin was still in China, he was appointed head of the Institute for Technical Physics and Ballistics at the Technical Academy of the Air Force (TAL) in Berlin-Gatow in November 1935. Schardin returned to Berlin at the beginning of 1936 and began working at the academy. The focus of his work was ballistic studies and work on solid bodies, especially on glass and broken glass. On December 1, 1937, he was appointed associate professor and in 1942 full professor at the TH Berlin , where he worked until 1945. Towards the end of the war, the Institute for Technical Physics and Ballistics was relocated from Berlin-Gatow to Biberach an der Riss .

ISL Institute in Saint-Louis

Schardin stands for the establishment of the Franco-German research institute ISL in Saint-Louis, France.

Since the end of the war a real race for the knowledge of German researchers and engineers developed among the Allies, the Technical Academy of the Air Force , which Schardin was in charge, was also in the focus of France and the USA. Shardin was brought in by France, along with his team, to work for the French government in Saint-Louis, Alsace. On August 1, 1945, Schardin started work in Saint-Louis with 32 German scientists (including Richard Emil Kutterer ) as a French state employee. He then moved with his family to the nearby German town of Weil am Rhein . Schardin, meanwhile scientific-technical director, continued his investigations into the complex glass as well as into breaking and tearing processes in the institute. In the context of military research, he also examined explosions and detonations. From 1954 he researched mainly in the field of protective structures and civil protection of the population against nuclear weapons and their pressure effects.

Together with the French general engineer Robert Cassagnou , Schardin expanded the institute until it was finally converted into the Franco-German Research Institute St. Louis (ISL) in 1959 - after two years of negotiations .

Institute EMI in Freiburg

After the ISL was established in Saint-Louis (1945), Schardin immediately contacted the nearest German university, in Freiburg im Breisgau. There he was appointed honorary professor in technical physics at the Albert-Ludwigs-University in 1947 , where he founded the department for applied physics. This department was spun off from the university association in 1959 and transferred to the Fraunhofer Society in 1959 as the Ernst Mach Institute (EMI).

After restrictions initially imposed by the occupying power, after 1955, under Schardin's leadership, new areas of work could be included, initially in the department for applied physics and later mainly in the EMI. For example: behavior of dynamically loaded building materials, bursting and tearing processes on glass and plastics, gas dynamic and aerodynamic processes, problems in shock wave physics, development of simulators for shock and blast waves. Schardin received the "Georg-Gehlhoff-Ring" from the Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft in 1958 and the Dupont Medal from the "Society of Motion Picture to Television Engineers" for his successful investigations into glass physics.

From 1960, the Wintersweiler test site was set up in an old quarry as branch I of the EMI in order to be able to carry out blasting and simulation tests. In 1964, in Weil am Rhein, where Schardin lived, the ballistics department was established as branch II of the EMI.

In October 1964, Professor Schardin was appointed head of the Defense Technology Department at the Federal Ministry of Defense of the Federal Republic of Germany. Schardin, who had four daughters, died of a heart attack on September 27, 1965 . On the occasion of his funeral on October 3, 1965 in Weil am Rhein, more than 500 guests paid their last respects to Schardin, including Federal Defense Minister Kai-Uwe von Hassel .

Since 1969, the Hubert-Schardin-Medal has been awarded by the International Congress for Short-Term Photography and Photonics (with the participation of the Short-Term Physics Association).

Fonts

  • The basics of an exact application and quantitative evaluation of Toepler's Schlieren method . VDI-Verlag GmbH, Berlin 1934. - Dissertation
  • Publications of the Reich Office for Educational Films. No. C 142, bombardment of wires and armor plates . Institute for Scientific Film, Göttingen 1937
  • Comments on the pressure equalization process in a pipeline . In: Phys. ZS . Volume 2, 1932, pp. 60-64. (Basis for the theory of the shock wave tube)

literature

  • Heinz Reichenbach: Hubert Schardin (1902-1965): his life and work . In: John M. Dewey, Roberto G. Racca (Eds.): 20th International Congress on High Speed ​​Photography and Photonics. Proc. SPIE . Vol. 1801, 1993, pp. 2-9.
  • H. Trischler, R. vom Bruch: Research for the market, history of the Fraunhofer Society . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1999. (especially the sections on defense research)
  • H. Reichenbach: Contributions of Ernst Mach to Fluid Mechanics . In: Ann.Rev. Fluid. Mech . Volume 15, 1983 (including reasons for choosing the institute name EMI)
  • Gary S. Settles: Schlieren and Shadowgraph Techniques. Visualizing Phenomena in Transparent Media (Experimental Fluid Mechanics), Springer Verlag, Berlin 2001.
  • R. Schall: HUBERT SCHARDIN 60 years . In: Physical sheets . tape 18 , no. 6 , p. 277 , doi : 10.1002 / phbl.19620180606 ( wiley.com [PDF]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Füßl: Hubert Schardin estate . In: Archive information of the Deutsches Museum . No. 2 , 2006, p. 5 ( deutsches-museum.de [PDF; accessed on March 3, 2018]).
  2. ↑ a b History of the ISL. isl.eu, 2016, accessed on March 3, 2018 . .
  3. ^ Awards of the German Physical Society. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 4, 2018 ; accessed on March 3, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Schardin, Hubert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schardin, Hubert Reinhold Hermann (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ballistician, engineer and university lecturer
DATE OF BIRTH June 17, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Deutsch Plassow , Stolp district
DATE OF DEATH September 27, 1965
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau