Dog sausages

Dog sausages
Mound orchid ( Anacamptis collina )
Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales) Family : Orchids (orchidaceae) Subfamily : Orchidoideae Tribe : Orchideae Sub tribus : Orchidinae Genre : Dog sausages
Scientific name
Anacamptis
Rich.

The anacamptis ( Anacamptis ) constitute a genus within the family of the Orchid Family (Orchidaceae).

description

Coriophorae section : bug orchid ( Anacamptis coriophora ), illustration

Section Laxiflorae : loose-flowered orchid ( Anacamptis laxiflora ), illustration

Vegetative characteristics

The dogwort species are perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form oval tubers as persistence organs. The leaves heaped at the base of the stem are not shiny, green and always unspotted.

Generative characteristics

A few or many flowers are grouped together in one inflorescence . The bracts are at least half as long as the ovary, but usually much longer. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The flower size and shape varies depending on the species. There is a spur, but its length is just as variable. The three-part lip has an undivided central lobe. In front of the spur entrance there are two raised longitudinal strips (plates) at the bottom.

As with all orchids, the seeds are very numerous and very fine, often only 1/4 millimeter in size and the thousand-grain mass is only a little over a milligram.

The basic chromosome number is x = 16 or 18; there is usually diploidy with a chromosome number of mostly 2n = 32 or 36.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Anacamptis was established in 1817 by Louis Claude Marie Richard . Probably due to the bent back bracts of the type species Anacamptis pyramidalis , the botanical genus name Anacamptis comes from the Greek word ἅνακάμπτω anakampto for "to bend back".

The formerly monotypical genus Anacamptis was extended in a revision of the Subtribus Orchidinae by Bateman in 1997 on the basis of genetic characteristics to include the species of the sections Adranthus , Coriophoranthus , Phalaenanthus , Morianthus and Saccatae of the genus Orchis . Some of these changes are already seen as valid today, for example by Kew Gardens , but have not yet been fully implemented and are not entirely undisputed by experts . Synonyms for Anacamptis Rich. s. l. are: Rauranita GRELET , Vermeulenia Á.Löve & D.Löve , Anteriorchis E.Klein & Strack , Herorchis D.Tyteca & E.Klein , Paludorchis P.Delforge , × Anacampaludorchis P.Delforge , × Anacampterorchis P.Delforge , × Anacampteulenia P .Delforge , × Anteriocamptis P.Delforge , × Anterioherorchis P.Delforge , × Anteriomeulenia P.Delforge , × Anteriopaludorchis P.Delforge , × Heromeulenia P.Delforge , × Heropaludorchis P.Delforge , × Paludomeulenia P.Delforgeulenia .

Section Anacamptis : pyramidal dogwort ( Anacamptis pyramidalis )

Section Boryae : Bory's orchid ( Anacamptis boryi )

Section Boryae : Israeli orchid ( Anacamptis israelitica )

Section Coriophorae : Holy Orchid ( Anacamptis sancta )

Moriones section : Orchid ( Anacamptis morio )

The genus Anacamptis is divided into seven sections :

• Section Anacamptis :
  • Pyramidal dogwort ( Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. )

• Section Boryae H. Kretzschmar , Eccarius & H.Dietr. :
  • Bory's Orchid ( Anacamptis boryi (Rchb. F.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase ): It occurs in Greece, Crete and the Aegean Sea.
  • Israeli orchid ( Anacamptis israelitica (H.Baumann & Dafni) RMBateman ): It occurs only in northern Israel .

• Section Coriophorae (Parl.) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. :
  • Bug orchid ( Anacamptis coriophora (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase ): There are several subspecies:
    • Anacamptis coriophora (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase subsp. coriophora
    • Fragrant bug orchid ( Anacamptis coriophora subsp. Fragrans (Pollini) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase )
    • Martrinis orchid ( Anacamptis coriophora subsp. Martrinii (Timb.-Lagr.) Jacquet & Scappat. )
  • Holy Orchid ( Anacamptis sancta (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase ): It is found in the Eastern Mediterranean.

• Section Laxiflorae (Soó & Keller) H. Kretzschmar , Eccarius & H.Dietr. :
  • Loose-flowered orchid ( Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase ): It occurs from the Mediterranean to Central Asia, in Morocco and from the Channel Islands to western Central Europe. There are three subspecies:
    • Anacamptis laxiflora subsp. laxiflora
    • Anacamptis laxiflora subsp. dielsiana (Soó) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr.
    • Dinsmore's orchid ( Anacamptis laxiflora subsp. Dinsmorei (Schltr.) H. Kretzschmar , Eccarius & H.Dietr. )
  • Marsh orchid ( Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase ): There are three subspecies:
    • Anacamptis palustris subsp. palustris
    • Anacamptis palustris subsp. elegans (Heuff.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase
    • Robust orchid ( Anacamptis palustris subsp. Robusta (T.Stephenson) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase )

• Section Moriones (Parl.) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. :
  • Little orchid or salep orchid ( Anacamptis morio (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase , Syn . : Orchis morio L. ): There are six subspecies:
    • Anacamptis morio (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase subsp. morio
    • Caucasian orchid ( Anacamptis morio subsp. Caucasica (K.Koch) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. ): It occurs in Greece, the Aegean, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and northern and northwestern Iran.
    • Three-bulb orchid ( Anacamptis morio subsp. Champagneuxii (Barnéoud) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr . ): It occurs in Spain, Portugal and Mallorca.
    • Long-spurred orchid ( Anacamptis morio subsp. Longicornu (Poir.) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. ): It occurs in the western Mediterranean area.
    • Southern French orchid ( Anacamptis morio subsp. Picta (Loisel.) Jacquet & Scappat. ): It occurs in southern France.
    • Syrian orchid ( Anacamptis morio subsp. Syriaca (EGCamus) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. ): It occurs in Syria, Lebanon and on the Turkish south coast.

• Section Papilionaceae (Parl.) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. :
  • Butterfly orchid ( Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase ): There are six subspecies:
    • Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase subsp. papilionacea : It occurs in the central Mediterranean area.
    • Anacamptis papilionacea subsp. alibertis (G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr.
    • Medium-sized orchid ( Anacamptis papilionacea subsp. Expansa (Ten.) Amard. & Dusak ): It occurs in Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy, Greece, Crete in the Aegean and in western Turkey.
    • Anacamptis papilionacea subsp. messenica (Renz) H. Kretzschmar , Eccarius & H.Dietr.
    • Anacamptis papilionacea subsp. palaestina (B. Baumann & R. Lorenz) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr.
    • Shirvan's orchid ( Anacamptis papilionacea subsp. Schirwanica (Woronow) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. ): It occurs in Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh and perhaps also in northern Iran.
  • Cyrenaica orchid ( Anacamptis cyrenaica (EADurand & Barratte) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. ): It occurs in northeastern Libya.

• Section Saccatae (Parl.) H. Kretzschmar , Eccarius & H. Dietr .
  • Mound orchid or bag-spur orchid ( Anacamptis collina (Banks & Sol. Ex Russell) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase ): It occurs from the Mediterranean to southern Turkmenistan .

literature

• H. Kretzschmar, W. Eccarius, Helga Dietrich : The orchid genera Anacamptis, Orchis, Neotinea. EchinoMedia-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-937107-11-0 .
• Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Péter Török, Tamás Miglécz u. a .: New thousand-seed weight records of the Pannonian flora and their application in analyzing Social Behavior Types. In: Acta Botanica Hungarica. 55 (3–4), pp. 429–472, 2013, doi : 10.1556 / ABot.55.2013.3-4.17 , (PDF; 463 kB).
2. ↑ Anacamptis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anacamptis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 6, 2020.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 . Page 206–256.

Web links

Commons : Hundswurzen ( Anacamptis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

 Wikispecies: Hundswurzen ( Anacamptis )  - species directory