Bug orchid
| Bug orchid | ||||||||||||
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Bug orchid ( Orchis coriophora ) |
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| Anacamptis coriophora | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase |
The bugs orchid ( Anacamptis coriophora (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase , Syn .: orchis coriophora L. ) is a plant from the genus of anacamptis ( Anacamptis ) in the family of orchid (Orchidaceae).
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The bug orchid is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant . This geophyte forms two egg-shaped tubers as a permanent organ. The height of the slightly angular, light green stem ranges from 20 to 50 centimeters.
At the base of the stem there are one to two brownish scale leaves and two to four rosette-like basal leaves. The simple, unspotted basal leaves are 10 to 19 centimeters long and 2 to 5 centimeters wide and lanceolate with a pointed upper end. In the upper part of the stem there are two to three more leaves , but they do not reach the inflorescence.
Generative characteristics
In the narrow, cylindrical inflorescence , 15 to 40 flowers stand close together. The green to red-brown overflowing bracts are lanceolate with a length of 9 to 11 millimeters and a width of 2 to 2.5 millimeters.
The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. Their color of the bracts is brownish, red, pink or greenish. The tepals form a beak-like helmet. The ovate, pointed sepals (sepals) are about 6 to 10 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide. The lateral petals (petals) are linear, 4 to 6 millimeters long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide. The lip (labellum) is three-lobed, conically bent downwards, 5 to 10 millimeters long and 5 to 6 millimeters wide. It is darker at the edge and drawn in the middle with purple dots or lines.
The flowering period of the orchid orchid begins in April in the Mediterranean region, in mid-May in Central Europe and ends in mid-July.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36 or 38.
ecology
The seed of this orchid does not contain any nutrient tissue for the seedling . The germination therefore takes place only when infection by a root fungus ( mycorrhiza ).
Occurrence
The distribution area extends from North Africa over the Iberian Peninsula , the Balearic Islands , France , Central Europe, South and Southeast Europe to parts of Russia. In Europe, the orchid orchid is widespread in the meridional / montane and temperate, sub-Mediterranean Florence zone.
In Germany, the orchid orchid is only found with some residual occurrences in the Black Forest , Lake Constance and Bavaria . In Austria it rarely occurs in the federal states of Burgenland , Vienna , Lower Austria , Styria , Carinthia and Salzburg . Endangered in the Alpine region. Threatened with extinction in the northern and southeastern foreland of the Alps.
The orchid orchid has its habitat in lean, boggy wet meadows , open forests and bushes, but also on dry to moist, base-rich humus and clay soils. It is found in the plant communities of the Molinion caeruleae or Calthion, but also occurs in societies of the Arrhenatherion that are freshly changed.
The upper limit of the altitude distribution is around 2500 meters ( Morocco ). Otherwise, according to Baumann and Künkele, the horny orchid has altitude limits in Europe: Germany 20–830 meters, France 0–1800 meters, Austria 120–1150 meters, Italy 1–1500 meters, Austria 120–1150 meters, Switzerland 280–1500 meters, Slovenia 20–1250 meters, Spain up to 2000 meters.
Conservation and endangerment
Like all orchid species found in Europe, the orchid orchid is under the strictest protection of European and national laws.
- Red list Germany and Austria: 1 (critically endangered)
- Red list of German federal states: Baden-Württemberg : 1, Bavaria : 1, Brandenburg : 0, Hesse : 0, Lower Saxony : 0, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania : 0, North Rhine-Westphalia : 0, Rhineland-Palatinate : 0, Saarland : 0, Saxony : 0, Saxony-Anhalt : 0, Thuringia : 0.
- Red list of Austrian federal states: Vorarlberg, Upper Austria and Styria 0 (extinct), other federal states 1 (threatened with extinction)
- Red List Switzerland: Endangered
- Regions: highly endangered in the North Jura, in the Eastern Central Plateau, in the Western Central Alps, the Eastern Central Alps, the Eastern Northern Alps and in the Southern Alps.
- extinct in the western Jura, northeastern Switzerland, the western central plateau and the western northern alps.
The orchid orchid is one of the most endangered orchids in Germany and Austria. Only in some parts of the mountains of Southeast Europe is the species a little more common. Until the beginning of the 20th century, this species was still represented throughout Central Europe. Today there are only a few remaining deposits in Central Europe, in Germany in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, which enjoy the very highest protection status. However, some sites could not be preserved despite protection and care. The reason for this has not yet been fully clarified; nitrogen entry from the air is probably one of the main reasons. Since the orchid orchid is considered to be extremely weak, it is quickly displaced by other plant species and disappears very quickly. Probably the greatest threat to the remaining populations is probably due to the robbery of plants. Sites are looted again and again; this happened last 2011 in a greater extent in a biotope am Lech, where, according to specification of the A rbeitskreises H egg mixer O rchideen Bayern eV (AHO) about 50 plants were dug up.
In 1997 , the Bug Orchid from was A rbeitskreis H egg mixer O rchideen (AHO) in Germany declared the "Orchid of the Year" to the high of protection and the problem of destruction of habitats to attract attention.
Systematics
It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Orchis coriophora by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , p. 940.
It was first described by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 and has been one of the Central European orchid species most threatened by decline since the beginning of the 20th century. This species has been assigned to the genus Hundswurzen ( Anacamptis ) since 1997 under the name Anacamptis coriophora (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase (1997) . Synonyms are, for example, Anteriorchis coriophora (L.) E. Klein & Strack (1989).
In a revision of the orchid species on the basis of genetic traits by Bateman et al. In 1997 the bug orchid was classified together with some other species in the genus Hundswurzen ( Anacamptis ) as Anacamptis coriophora (L.) RMBateman, Pridgeon & MWChase (1997). The old system can sometimes be found in excursion floras.
Subspecies, varieties and hybrids according to the old system
A large number of subspecies , varieties and forms of the bug orchid have been described, some of which have been raised to species by various authors.
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The orchid orchid hybridizes with closely related species such as the pyramidal dogwort ( Anacamptis pyramidalis ), the lesser orchid ( Orchis morio ) or the marsh orchid ( Orchis palustris ).
- × Anacamptorchis simarrensis E.G.Camus (1908) - ( Orchis coriophora × Anacamptis pyramidalis )
- Orchis × olida Bréb. (1835) - ( Orchis coriophora × Orchis morio )
- Orchis × timbalii Velen. (1882) - ( Orchis coriophora × Orchis palustris )
- Orchis × parvifolia Chaub. (1821) - ( Orchis coriophora × Orchis laxiflora )
Picture gallery
Spain - Mallorca
Spain - Mallorca
Spain - Mallorca
Spain - Mallorca
Orchis coriophora, pictured with (large) leaves of the autumn timeless, near Razloge, Slovenia-Croatia border
Location in Bavaria
Inflorescence in Bavaria near Landsberg am Lech
Sources and further information
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anacamptis coriophora. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 6, 2020.
- ↑ Orchis coriophora at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 280 .
- ↑ Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 379. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8
- ↑ RM Bateman, AM Pridgeon, MW Chase: Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto. In: Lindleyana - The scientific journal of the American Orchid Society. West Palm Beach Fla 12.1997, pp. 113-141. ISSN 0889-258X
6. Steffen and Ute Hammel: Anacamptis coriophora (L.) RM Bateman, Pridgeon & MW Chase - still relevant in the Black Forest. - Bad. National association Natural history u. Nature conservation, NF 22 (3): 435 - 441; Freiburg 2019.
literature
- Standard literature on orchids
- AHO (Ed.): The orchids of Germany . Verlag AHO Thuringia Uhlstädt - Kirchhasel, 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1 .
- H. Baumann, S. Künkele, R. Lorenz: The orchids of Europe. Ulmer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 .
- Karl-Peter Buttler : Orchids, the wild species and subspecies of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa . Mosaik Verlag 1986, ISBN 3-570-04403-3 .
- Robert L. Dressler: The orchids - biology and systematics of the Orchidaceae . (1996) - good work on the subject of systematics [German]
- Hans Sundermann : European and Mediterranean orchids . Brücke-Verlag, 2nd edition: 1975, ISBN 3-87105-010-5 .
- JG Williams: Orchids of Europe with North Africa and Asia Minor . BLV Verlag, ISBN 3-405-11901-4 .
- Special literature
- RM Bateman, AM Pridgeon, MW Chase: Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto. In: Lindleyana , Volume 12, 1997, pp. 113-141.
- RM Bateman, PM Hollingsworth, J. Preston, Y.-B. Luo, AM Pridgeon, MW Chase: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected habenariinae (Orchidaceae). In: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. Volume 142, 2003, pp. 1-40.
- Horst Kretzschmar, Wolfgang Eccarius, Helga Dietrich: The orchid genera Anacamptis, Orchis, Neotinea. EchinoMedia-Verlag, Bürgel, 2007, ISBN 978-3-937107-11-0 .
Web links
Wikispecies: Orchid orchid ( Anacamptis coriophora ) - species directory- Orchis coriophora L., orchid orchid. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Bug orchid . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- Distribution maps
- Regional
- The orchids of the Rhön: Anacamptis coriophora , orchid orchid
- www.guenther-blaich.de: Orchis coriophora
- AGEO Switzerland: Orchis coriophora
- see also
Broad-leaved orchid (1989) | Pyramid Dogwort (1990) | Orchid (1991) | Large two-leaf (1992) | Orchid orchid (1993) | Swamp gloss herb (1994) | Bee-Ragwurz (1995) | Yellow Lady's Slipper (1996) | Bug Orchid (1997) | Marsh stendrums (1998) | Bocks strap tongue (1999) | Red Forest Bird (2000) | Herbst-Drehwurz (2001) | Vogel-Nestwurz (2002) | Fly Ragwort (2003) | Green hollow tongue (2004) | Brandy orchid (2005) | Broad-leaved stendola (2006) | Common Cabbage Rose (2007) | Overlooked Orchid (2008) | Male Orchid (2009) | Yellow Lady's Slipper (2010) | Two-leaved forest hyacinth (2011) | Pale Orchid (2012) | Purple Orchid (2013) | Leafless Rebeard (2014) | Flesh-colored orchid (2015) | Sommer-Drehwurz (2016) | White Forest Bird (2017) | Peat moss orchid (2018) | Tridenty orchid (2019) | Broad-leaved orchid (2020)