Hedgehog goatee

Hedgehog goatee
	Hedgehog goatee ( Hericium erinaceus )
Systematics
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order :	Russulales (Russulales)
Family :	Goatee relatives (Hericiaceae)
Genre :	Barbed beards ( Hericium )
Type :	Hedgehog goatee
Scientific name
	Hericium erinaceus
	( Bull. ) Pers.

The hedgehog goatee ( Hericium erinaceus ), also called monkey head mushroom , lion's mane , Japanese yamabushitake , French pompon blanc , is a type of mushroom from the order of the deaf-like .

features

Young fruiting bodies of the hedgehog whiskers

A look inside a young hedgehog's whiskers

Enlarged section of the spines

Macroscopic features

The fruit body is beige in color, sometimes slightly reddish and can reach sizes of up to 30 cm. The mushrooms are usually short-stalked and 10–25 cm thick. The top is torn open with fibers. On the underside there are soft, dense spines. They become 2–5 cm long and 1.5–2 mm thick; their surface is frosted. The meat is whitish and has a tough, somewhat fibrous consistency. The spore powder is white.

Microscopic features

The spores are colorless, rounded and have a smooth or slightly warty surface. They measure 5–7 × 4–6 micrometers.

Genetic traits

Heterothallia and bifactorial mating mechanism are features of its genetics.

ecology

The hedgehog goatee is a rare fungus that grows as a wound parasite on older deciduous trees, mostly oaks and beeches. It can be found on standing as well as lying old tree trunks and stumps. The fungus prefers to grow in forests with high humidity.

distribution

The hedgehog goatee can be found in the Holarctic , where it is temperate . The fungus is widespread in Europe, but rare everywhere. It occurs from France and Great Britain to Hungary and from Denmark and southern Norway to Austria and Switzerland. In Germany, the hedgehog spiked beard grows very scattered, but it has been found at least once in almost all federal states.

meaning

Food value

Unlike most sting mushrooms, the pom-pom mushroom is edible. To prepare it, it is unwashed (otherwise it would soak up water), cut into cubes and sautéed in butter or oil. Sliced the mushroom can also be breaded and prepared like a vegetarian schnitzel . The mushroom is similar in consistency to seafood . Its taste is reminiscent of veal or poultry meat with slightly fruity aromas of coconut and lemongrass , which can be attributed to 4- octanolide or limonene .

Nutritional value

In terms of mineral content , the hedgehog's mustache is equivalent to other mushrooms. However, it contains an above-average amount of essential free amino acids . A study demonstrated a content of 16%. A total of 19 free amino acids could be detected; almost all amino acids essential for humans were included (with the exception of methionine and tryptophan ).

cultivation

In China, plastic or glass containers are used to grow the hedgehog's whiskers. Sawdust , waste paper, rice straw , corn on the cob, sugar cane and cotton waste serve as a breeding ground . Additions of bran , gypsum or sucrose are common; Wheat bran in particular leads to strong and rapidly growing mycelia. The green mold ( Trichoderma ) is a danger with increasing age . Permethrin treatment after sciarid gnats is not recommended as the insecticide is deposited in large quantities in the fungus. The mycelium grows best in an acidic pH range between 4 and 5.5.

Traditional medicine

In Chinese medicine , the monkey head mushroom is considered to be beneficial for stomach and respiratory problems, nervous disorders, high cholesterol , cancer and a weakened immune system . Some of the effects it claims have been scientifically confirmed in animal experiments.

swell

literature

German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Susanne Ehlers: Studies on the cultivation and pharmacological effect of the edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus . Dissertation. Technical University of Munich. Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-89675-561-7 .
Susanne Ahrndt: The pom pom mushroom. The new healing power from the Far East . Urania Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-332-01018-2 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Renate Eisenhut: Studies on the cultivation technology and the nutritional value of the edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. Hartung-Gorre, 1994, ISBN 3-89191-852-6 .
↑ Hermann T. Jahn : Mushrooms that grow on wood . Busse, Herford 1979, ISBN 3-87120-853-1 , p. 78 .
↑ Jinn Chyi Wang, Shu Hui Hu, Jih Terng Wang, Ker Shaw Chen, Yi Chen Chia: Hypoglycemic effect of extract of Hericium erinaceus . In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture . tape 85 , no. 4 , 2005, p. 641-646 , doi : 10.1002 / jsfa.1928 .

Web links

Commons : Hedgehog goatee ( Hericium erinaceus ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[Eisenhut1994-1] Renate Eisenhut: Studies on the cultivation technology and the nutritional value of the edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. Hartung-Gorre, 1994, ISBN 3-89191-852-6 .

[Jahn1979-2] Hermann T. Jahn : Mushrooms that grow on wood . Busse, Herford 1979, ISBN 3-87120-853-1 , p. 78 .

[Wang2005-3] Jinn Chyi Wang, Shu Hui Hu, Jih Terng Wang, Ker Shaw Chen, Yi Chen Chia: Hypoglycemic effect of extract of Hericium erinaceus . In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture . tape 85 , no. 4 , 2005, p. 641-646 , doi : 10.1002 / jsfa.1928 .