Ignatius nugget

Ignatius nugget
Ignatius beans
Systematics
Asterids Euasterids I Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales) Family : Nitrous family (Loganiaceae) Genre : Peanuts ( strychnos ) Type : Ignatius nugget
Scientific name
Strychnos ignatii
PJBergius

Ignatius nugget ( Strychnos ignatii ), illustration

The Ignatius nugget , also Ignatius bean or Ignatius bean tree ( Strychnos ignatii ) is a species of plant that belongs to the family of the nugget family (Loganiaceae). The seed is also called Ignaz bean , bitter fever nut , Semen ignatii , St. Ignaz bean ( English : Ignatius bean). All parts of the plant contain the highly poisonous indole alkaloids strychnine and brucine .

Occurrence

The species has its natural distribution in tropical areas: in the Chinese provinces: Guangdong , Guangxi , Hainan , Yunnan ; in Thailand , Vietnam , Indonesia : Java , Sumatra and Kalimantan ; Malaysia and the Philippines . It loves sandy soils and open forests on limestone and climbs from the lowlands to altitudes of 1500 meters . Sometimes the Ignatius bean tree also grows along rivers. This tree species is endangered by the local timber industry.

description

Vegetative characteristics

It is a tropical climbing plant that, as a thornless liana, reaches heights of growth of up to 20 m. The opposite, short-stalked, simple leaves are entire. The shiny, leathery lamina is pointed to pointed or tapered and ovate to elliptical and about 6-17 × 3.5-7 cm in size. The nerve is threefold.

Generative characteristics

In the flowering period from April to June, the plant has inflorescences in the form of thyrses that are ten to twenty flowers . The hermaphrodite, strongly scented flowers are fivefold. The five greenish and externally hairy, short sepals are erect. There are two cover sheets. The five yellowish petals are fused together to form a short, approximately long corolla tube, the corolla lobes are erect.

The bitter fruits are up to 10–12 cm in size, golden yellow or orange-yellow, smooth berries with a thin, easily fragile, hard, dry skin. The fruits, embedded in the yellowish, gelatinous flesh, contain about 15–20 matt grayish to brownish, blackish, olive-sized Ignatius beans (= seeds) which are covered with light, pressed hair. Later, the hair with the very thin seed coat is mostly rubbed off and difficult to see. The heavy, pebble-like, egg-shaped, elliptical to rounded, rounded to irregularly angular and blunt-edged, partly flattened, very poisonous seeds are hard as stone and about 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 cm in size.

Note: The description refers to the illustration in Koehler's Medizinal-Pflanzen , Vol. 3, T. 46, 1890, this is a plant with a short corolla tube at the flowers and threefold leaf veins, but it is not clear whether this plant is at all is. In Hooker's Icons Plantarum , 1892, a plant with salver-plate-shaped flowers with a longer corolla tube is described, as in the Flora of China , as well as one with a shorter one. The leaf veins are also not entirely clear; two different leaves are also mentioned here; tripartite or pinnate. The variant with a longer corolla tube is described in the Bulletin of miscellaneous information (Royal Gardens, Kew) No. 7, 1911, confirmed, but not entirely clear. What is also possible is that two different types of Strychnos provide the Ignatius beans.

Systematics

The now recognized first description of this species under the taxon Strychnos ignatii by the Swedish botanist Peter Jonas Bergius was published in 1778. The type epithet ignatii was chosen in honor of the Spanish priest Ignatius of Loyola . Synonyms for the species are:

• Ignatia amara L.f.
• Ignatiana philippinica Loureiro
• Strychnos hainanensis Merrill & Chun
• Strychnos ovalifolia Wallich ex G.Don.
• Strychnos tieute Lesch

This species was described by Linne Fil. As Ignatia amara , mistakenly combining the very long, white flowers of a Rubiaceae ( Posoqueria longiflora Aubl. From Guiana) and the seeds of the Strychnos. This error appeared in various writings and illustrations until the end of the 19th century.

Important ingredients and effects

The composition of the ingredients may vary depending on the geographical origin. The seeds are very bitter and contain the strong nerve toxins strychnine and brucine , as well as icajin, novacin, vomicin and the like as essential components . a. They are even more poisonous than the seeds of the common peanut nut . In the case of severe poisoning, death occurs through asphyxiation . The bark and wood also contain strychnine and brucine in lower concentrations, while strychnine is predominant in the bark. An arrow poison (Upas Tieuté) can be extracted from the young root and older root bark .

Cultural history

In the 17th century, the Spanish Jesuits brought the Sami to Europe. This plant species owes its name "Ignatius bean tree" to the Spanish priest Ignatius von Loyola , who was the founder of the Jesuit order. In Europe, the ingredients were used folk medicine for stomach ailments, cramps, liver diseases, as well as for spleen and intestinal diseases. In Chinese medicine, the active ingredients were used against roundworms , poisoning , sword wounds and childbirth .

literature

• Elisabeth Mandl: Medicinal plants in homeopathy. Maudrich, 1997, ISBN 3-85175-687-8 .
• Andrew Lockie: The Great Lexicon of Homeopathy. Dorling Kindersley Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-8310-0005-0 .
• Carlo Odermatt, Sven Hartmann, Beat Ernst: Homeopathy drug pictures. K2-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-03722-950-0 .
• Willibald Gawlik: drug picture and personality portrait. Hippocrates, 2002, ISBN 3-8304-5213-6 .
• Strychnos ignatii in the Flora of China, Vol. 15.

Web links

Commons : Ignatius nausea ( Strychnos ignatii )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Strychnos ignatii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
• Strychnos ignatii from Useful Tropical Plants, accessed January 27, 2018.
• Ignatia on simillimum.net, Aspects of Homeopathy.

Individual evidence

1. ^ FA Flückiger, Ed. Schär: Strychnos Ignatii. In: Archives of Pharmacy. 225 (17), 1887, pp. 756-773.
2. ^ Rita Singh: Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Bio-Medecine. Vol. 2: H-Z , Sarup & Sons, 2001, ISBN 81-7625-242-5 (2 Vol. Set), p. 288 f.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Hookers Icons Plantarum. Fourth Series, Vol. III, Part I, 1892, Pl. 2212, p. 2, online at biodiversitylibrary.org, accessed January 28, 2018.
4. ^ Bulletin of miscellaneous information (Royal Gardens, Kew). No. 7, 1911, p. 290 f. online at biodiversitylibrary.org, accessed January 30, 2018.
5. ↑ Peter Jonas Bergius: Materia medica e regno vegetabili, sistens simplicia officinalia, pariter atque culinaria. Volume 1, Stockholm 1778, pp. 146–147, limited preview in Google Book Search.
6. ^ Peter Hanelt: Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops. Springer, 2001, ISBN 3-540-41017-1 , p. 1723.
7. ↑ Strychnos ignatii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
8. ^ Reports of the German Pharmaceutical Society. Vol. 10, 1900, p. 134.
9. ↑ R. Hänsel, K. Keller a. a .: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Volume 6: Drugs P – Z , Volume II, 5th Edition, Springer, 1994, ISBN 978-3-642-63390-4 , p. 826, limited preview in the Google book search.
10. ↑ Chemisches Central-Blatt . Volume 63, Volume 2, 1892, p. 578.
11. ^ H. Ludwig: Archives of the Pharmacie. Second series, Volume 147, Issue 1, 1871, p. 47 f.

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !