Immanuel Winkler

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Immanuel Winkler (baptized: Adolf Immanuel Mathäus Winkler; born June 3, 1886 in Sarata , Bessarabia , † June 18, 1932 in Winnipeg , Canada ) was a pastor in Hope Valley and author of German descent. During the First World War Immanuel Winkler campaigned for the enforcement of the rights of Germans in Russia .

Life

Immanuel Winkler was born in the village of Sarata as the first of thirteen children. His parents, Bessarabian German farmers, were Matthäus Winkler and his wife Elisabeth Katharina, b. Black man. Immanuel Winkler's great-grandparents from Haunsheim and Gundremmingen were supporters of the Catholic pastor Ignaz Lindl , an advocate of the Allgäu revival movement , and emigrated to Bessarabia in 1822 for religious reasons.

From 1899 to 1902 Immanuel Winkler attended school in Sarata, until 1904 the grammar school in Novgorod , from 1904 to 1909 he studied theology at the Imperial University of Jurjew in Dorpat , was ordained on November 6, 1911 in Hope Valley and was then pastor in until 1918 Hope Valley and Vicar in Kassel (today Welykokomariwka / Великокомарівка); both places in the Glückstal district near Odessa .

In 1915, during the First World War, the young pastor Immanuel Winkler was called up to serve as chaplain , but was sent back home six months later because he made no secret of his German convictions.

About a year later he received an expulsion order because of his "Germanophile convictions". Within 48 hours he was to leave Hope Valley and move 100 kilometers eastwards. Through the intercession of a senior official in Odessa, the deportation order was reversed, but a few months later, shortly after his marriage to Felicia Henriette von Holmblad (daughter of the Real State Councilor Franz-Julius von Holmblad), he received another deportation order and this time he had to then away, 1,500 kilometers to the east, to Saratov , where he stayed in the city with other, mostly Baltic pastors; In 1917 he was allowed to move to Charkow , where his eldest son Bernhard was born.

The February Revolution of 1917 with the overthrow of the Tsarist government and the subsequent proclamation of civil rights for all residents of the Russian Empire in March 1917 raised hopes for an improvement in their situation among the German population in Russia. By an improvement in the situation, she generally understood the withdrawal of the liquidation laws of 1915 and fair compensation for damage and losses resulting from them, admission of the German language as the official and teaching language and autonomy or minority rights in the newly created Russian state.

Dissatisfaction with the government's measures awakened a feeling of togetherness in all classes and encouraged the will to act together. From the government measures of 1915, the German colonists had gained the knowledge that an adequate, consistent representation of the interests of the colonists by existing political parties was not to be expected. The work of the German Duma delegates and Karl Lindemanns, as well as the experience with the association's activities after 1905, contributed significantly to the fact that the colonists began to organize very soon after the Provisional Government came to power . There were meetings everywhere. This was also the case in Odessa, where a provisional organizing committee was established on March 18, 1917 and an “All-Russian Federation of Russian Germans” on March 28. The Odessa committee sent several “agitators” to hold meetings in larger towns and to promote the establishment of local committees.

Political career

The Crimean Taurian Crown Colony

While Johannes Schleuning , representative of the Volga colonists , campaigned for the protection of the German Empire and the right to return to Germany, Pastor Immanuel Winkler, meanwhile chairman of the Central Committee of the “All-Russian Association of Russian Citizens of German Nationality” in Odessa, stood up for them Creation of a crown colony Crimean-Tauria, in which all colonists of southern Russia ( southern Ukraine , Bessarabia , Crimea ) were to be settled under the protection of the German Empire. In addition, Winkler demanded that the colonists be accepted into the Reich Association, that is, they should be granted citizenship of the German Reich .

Winkler presented this plan to the settlement politician and former State Secretary Friedrich von Lindequist , the First Quartermaster General of the Supreme Army Command (OHL) Erich Ludendorff and government representatives in Berlin (March 1918). The Crimea was to become a permanently occupied colonial state with German colonization, important as a naval base for German influence in the Caucasus and the Middle East . The plan was in Germany after initial interest in the Privy Council to Spa , rejected on the grounds that the Crimea in the event of war could not be held on July 2 1918th

Winkler's efforts to get the colonists naturalized on a massive scale were also unsuccessful , as German citizenship was only granted to individuals and certain categories of people who put themselves in the service of the German Reich ( recruits for the Reichswehr and their immediate family members). After the collapse of the German Reich in November 1918 and the withdrawal of the German and Austrian troops, the representatives of the Russian Germans finally gave up their plans.

Imanuel Winkler's traces are now blurring. After the withdrawal of the German and Austrian troops, he probably fled to Germany, where his daughter Irene and his second son Gerhard were born in Frankfurt (Oder) in 1920 . In July 1927 he emigrated with his family to Canada , where he committed suicide on June 18, 1932 in Winnipeg, Manitoba .

Works

literature

  • Erik Amburger : The pastors of the Protestant churches in Russia from the end of the 16th century to 1937 , Erlangen 1998
  • Wolfdieter Biehl: The Caucasus Policy of the Central Powers II. The time of the attempted Caucasian statehood (1917-1918): PART II , Boehlau Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3205055179
  • Alfred Eisfeld: German Colonies on the Volga 1917-1919 and the German Empire , Harrassowitz, 1985, ISBN 978-3447025119
  • Christian Fieß (ed.): Sarata 1822–1940, Mühlacker, 1979
  • Lydia Klötzel: The Russian Germans between autonomy and emigration: The fortunes of a national minority against the background of the changeable German-Soviet / Russian relationship , LIT, 1999, ISBN 978-3825836658
  • Anna Schrenk: My experience in the evangelical rectory in Russia , DAI film T81-634, frame 5435004
  • Joachim Tauber: "Collaboration" in Northeast Europe, manifestations and interpretations in the 20th century , Harrassowitz, 2006, ISBN 978-3447053679

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anna Schrenk: My experience in the Protestant rectory in Russia, DAI film T81-634, frame 5435004, p. 3
personal data
SURNAME Winkler, Immanuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German clergyman, Lutheran pastor and author
DATE OF BIRTH June 3, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Sarata , Bessarabia
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1932
Place of death Winnipeg