In situ

In situ ( Latin in situ 'at the place' ) is a technical term used in various areas, e.g. B. can mean "directly at the place" or "in the original position". The antonym (opposite word) is ex situ .

Examples

science

• Medicine :
  • in situ = in the natural position in the body (see situs )
  • Carcinoma in situ : locally limited cancer focus (earliest, usually curable cancer stage)
  • LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis): a procedure for correcting ametropia directly on the eye
  • Implants : in situ means that an implant is in the desired position in the body.
• In the natural sciences, “in situ measurement” can mean that the measurement takes place while the sample is changing, e.g. B. by heat treatment.
• Physics : In an in situ sample preparation, the sample is produced under ultra-high vacuum conditions and measured immediately without leaving the vacuum.
• In molecular biology , “in situ” is an abbreviation for in-situ hybridization .
• Synthetic chemistry : the production of a (mostly very reactive) starting compound and its immediate further use in the same reaction vessel
• Veterinary medicine : determining the digestibility of feed directly in the rumen of ruminants
• Archeology : A find is still in its original location, or an object is still at the place of its former use. B. relocated through geological processes or subsequent human or animal activities.
• Paleontology :
  

  In-situ fossil record of a tree stump in a "coal swamp" ( Joggins Fossil Cliffs , Canada)
  1. A fossil has been handed down in the original habitat of the corresponding organism in "living position". B. overturned or relocated by currents or animal activities ( see also thanatozoenosis ). Such traditional fossils can serve as geopetal structures . Examples include the natural fillings (stone cores) of tree stumps in deposits of " coal swamps".
     

     "Drama from prehistoric times", a well-known in-situ fossil preparation from the Solnhofen limestone
  2. “In-situ preparation ” of fossils means that the remains of organisms - both articulated (coherent) and crushed, broken or drifted finds - are mechanically exposed without correction of their position and, if necessary, preserved. The result is an in-situ preparation . This form of preparation is the rule for smaller animals and plants or plant parts (size range several centimeters to several decimeters) with relatively filigree structures, especially in the inner skeletons of vertebrates . If the fossil is delivered in solid rock , it is mostly left in the surrounding and / or filling sediment matrix as far as necessary for reasons of stability . For semi-solid rocks that threaten to disintegrate if the mountain moisture is lost, z. B. carried out a reburial in synthetic resin (see Messel pit: The reburial process ).
• Linguistics , especially Generative Transformational Grammar : The position in the syntactic structure that an expression is in if no movement transformation has been applied to it.

technology

• Mining and geology : the processing of natural resources directly in the reservoir without a größräumigem digestion (for example, the promotion of the same crude oil from oil sand deposits)
• Construction and environmental technology : the execution of certain procedures on site, such as the remediation of contaminated sites
• Radiation protection : measurement of radioactivity without moving the material from its place (e.g. in-situ gamma spectrometry)
• Aerospace engineering : testing the equipment after all equipment is installed in the final location to verify that they work together
• Hörakustik : probe microphone measurement to account for the natural ear canal resonance in the hearing aid fitting
• EDP : An algorithm that only requires the storage space that is already used by the elements; the elements are therefore processed in the existing memory and not copied to a new one (synonym for in-place ).

Others

• Open-air museums : a building that is not in the museum translocated was, but was already in the founding of the museum in this place was built, as a rule at this place.
• Architecture : INSITU (magazine) , magazine for architectural history published since 2009
• Ecology : In-situ conservation of ecosystems and biotopes means the conservation or reintroduction of species in their natural habitat.
• Horticulture : sowing (perennial) plants directly at the point where they will eventually grow
• Service, mainly engineering services: In the case of work packages, a distinction is made as to whether the work is performed on site in the customer's company (in situ) or externally in the contractor's company (ex situ).

See also

• in vitro
• in vivo
• in silico
• in utero
• in dubio
• ex vivo

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} In situ . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 9, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, pp.  870–871 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} in situ. In: Digital dictionary of the German language . Retrieved September 3, 2019
3. ↑ ^{a b c} corpus receipts for "in situ" in the German news corpus (2011). In: vocabulary portal . Institute for Computer Science, University of Leipzig, accessed on June 27, 2019 .