Injannasi

Injannasi ( Mongolian :ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ Injannasi ; Chinese  尹 湛 纳希 , Pinyin Yǐnzhànnàxī ; Cyrillic Mongolian : Ванчинбалын Инжинаш ; also: Inǰannasi , Wantschinbalyn Indschinasch ; * May 20, 1837 in Liangshuihe , Beipiao City, Liaoning Province , Chinese Empire ; † February 25, 1892 in Xinmin , Taihe District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, Chinese Empire) was a Mongolian writer and historian of China and is considered one of the founders of the Mongolian novel. Injannasi was a direct descendant of Temujin in the 27th generation (ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠵᠢᠨ) from the Bôrjigin clan (ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ) known as Qinggis Haan (ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ).

Life

Injannasi was born as the seventh of eight sons into a noble family of the then Tumed-Banner of the Right Wing ( 土默特 右翼 旗 ) in the Josotu League ( 卓索 图 盟 ). He was a son of Wangqinbala ( Mongolian :ᠸᠠᠩᠴᠢᠨᠪᠠᠯᠠ Wangqinbala ; Chinese  旺 钦巴勒 , Pinyin Wàngqīnbālè ; Cyrillic Mongolian : Ванчинбал ; also: Wantschinbal ; 1795–1847), a trained civil servant, land and mine owner. Although belonging to the Mongolian upper class, who lived a life in the style of the Manchu ruling class in Chinaduring the Qing dynasty and also adopted Han Chinese ways of life, Injannasi grasped the escalation of social conflicts such as those between the Manchu, the Han Chinese and the Mongols, who originally lived in the majority in his home region.

Out of these conflicts grew the main work of the poet, who admired Chinese culture and at the same time called for a national return to the Mongols by promoting the idea that the rule of an enlightened prince could be an alternative to the feudal conditions of the 19th century with its increasing signs be of decay.

Raised in the spirit of Confucianism and Buddhism , Injannasi dealt early on with languages ​​and literature, using classical Chinese novels such as " The Dream of the Red Chamber " as a literary model. In addition to the Mongolian and Chinese languages, he also spoke Manchurian , Tibetan and Sanskrit .

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After the unfinished autobiographical youth work The Tears of the Lover , his novels The One-story House and The Red Pavilion of Quiet Tears (all published in 1957) took up motifs from the Chinese novel. The one-storey house in particular contains realistic, socially critical passages such as The Song of the Poor Farmer (German 1972).

Injannasi became the founder of the Mongolian novel, which clearly stands out from the chronicles ( Towtsch ) of the 17th to 19th centuries and takes up critical ideas. A special feature is that he included poems in his novels that express the feelings and moods of the literary characters. They have an impressionistic character, are often epigrammatic and show the author's strong lyrical talent. Written in the “Chinese style”, which three of his older brothers also used with their poems, they differ from the rest of Mongolian poetry.

Injannasi's life's work became The Blue Chronicle of the Rise of the Great Yuan Dynasty ( The Blue Chronicle or Blue Sutra for short ), which his father had begun (he had written the first eight chapters) and which he worked on from 1866 until his death . Of the original 120 chapters of the novel, however, only 69 were found that were first printed in 1929 after handwritten distribution. The author wanted to encourage the Mongols in their distress and despair by turning to the figure of Genghis Khan as an "ideal ruler" and the "glorious Middle Ages" (the Yuan dynasty from 1271 to 1368). However, the character he created has little to do with the historical founder of the state and world ruler, because Injannasi's novel has strong contemporary historical references. Its importance lies in the fact that it can be described as a work of critical realism despite idealizing and romantic elements .

Injannasi, in contrast to his father and his older brothers, did not assume any state office, but devoted himself entirely to his literary ambitions. Today his work enjoys high recognition in the People's Republic of China as well as in the state of Mongolia and, along with Dulduityn Rawdschaa, is considered a classic of Mongolian literature in China and Mongolia.

See also

• List of Mongolian writers

Works

• ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ Yehe Yûwan ûlûs-ûn mandûgsan toru-yin Huhe Sûdûr (Blue Chronicle of the Rise of the Great Yuan Dynasty).呼和浩特 Hohhot :内蒙古 人民出版社 (People's Publishing House of Inner Mongolia) 1957/1979/1981. 3 volumes, 2018 pages.
• 成吉思汗 演义 Chéngjísīhán Yǎnyì (History of Genghis Khan). Translated from Mongolian into Chinese by 安柯钦夫 Ankeqinfu and 朝 格 柱 Chaogezhu. 北京 Beijing : 中国 戏剧 出版社 (Chinese theater publisher) 1992. ISBN 7-104-00355-X . 2 volumes, 908 pages. (Translation of the "Blue Chronicle").
• 泣 红 亭 Qìhóngtíng (The Red Pavilion of Silent Tears). Translated from Mongolian into Chinese by 曹 都 Cao Du and 陈定宇 Chen Dingyu. 呼和浩特 Hohhot : 内蒙古 人民出版社 (People's Publishing House of Inner Mongolia) 1981. 220 pages.
• 一层 楼 Yīcénglóu (The one-story house). Translated from Mongolian into Chinese by 甲乙 木 Jia Yimu. 呼和浩特 Hohhot : 内蒙古 人民出版社 (People's Publishing House of Inner Mongolia) 1983. 294 pages.

Translations into German

• in: Walther Heissig , History of Mongolian Literature, Vol. 1 / 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Wiesbaden 1972
• in: Klaus Oehmichen, Ten Mongolian Poets, Mongolian Notes, issue 17/2008
• in: The times move under the Eternal Sky. A pearl necklace from Mongolian poetry, Leipzig 2014

literature

• Hangin, John Gombojab: Köke Sudur (The Blue Chronicle). A Study of the First Mongolian Historical Novel by Injannasi. Asian research, vol. 38. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz 1973. ISBN 3-447-01522-5 . 188 pages.
• Heissig, Walther: Injanasi (Indschinasch), Blue Chronicle. In: Kindler's new literature lexicon (study edition), Vol. 8, Munich 1996.
• Liu, Wenyan 刘文艳 u. Lai, Bingwen 赖炳文 : 尹 湛 纳希 传 Yinzhannaxi zhuan (Injannasi - the biography). 沈 阳 Shenyang : 辽宁 大学 出版社 (Liaoning University Publishing House) 1988. ISBN 7-5610-0241-6 . 201 pages.
• Oehmichen, Klaus: Ten Mongolian poets. In: Mongolische Notes, Issue 17/2008.
• Zhalaga 扎拉嘎 : 《一层 楼亭》 《泣 红 亭》 与 《红楼梦》 «Yi Ceng Lou» «Qi Hong Ting» yu «Hong Lou Meng» (“The one-story house”, “The red pavilion of silent tears "And the" The Dream of the Red Chamber "). 呼和浩特 Hohhot : 内蒙古 人民出版社 (People's Publishing House of Inner Mongolia) 1984. 220 pages.
• Zhalaga 扎拉嘎 : 尹 湛 纳希 年谱 Yinzhannaxi nianpu (Injannasi - life dates with biographical information). 呼和浩特 Hohhot : 内蒙古 大学 出版社 (University Press of Inner Mongolia) 1991. ISBN 7-81015-213-0 . 301 pages.