Irish people
Irish people | ||||||||||||
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Iresine diffusa f. lindenii ( Van Houtte ) LBSm. & Downs (Syn .: Iresine lindenii Van Houtte ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Iresine | ||||||||||||
P. Brownne |
The Iresinen ( Iresine ) are a genus of plants in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Iresine TYPES grow as annual to perennial mostly herbaceous plants , rare as climbing or independently upright subshrubs or shrubs . The above-ground parts of the plant are bare or hairy.
The alternate or opposite leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blades are simple. The leaf margin is smooth to serrate.
Generative characteristics
In terminal, composite, open, paniculate total inflorescences , which are composed of partial inflorescences , and in lateral, annual inflorescences, many flowers stand together. The membranous bracts and bracts often shine.
The very small flowers are hermaphroditic or unisexual. The plants are mostly dioecious, separate sexes ( diocesan ). There are only five membranous bracts that are free or fused to their base. In the hermaphroditic and male flowers there are usually five fertile stamens . The stamens are fused at their base. In the female flowers, the stamens are reduced and very small or absent. The flattened ovary contains only a hanging ovule . There is at most a short (about 0.2 millimeter) stylus available. There are two, rarely three scars.
The fruits are spherical to flattened and contain only one seed. The dark-red to reddish-brown, shiny seeds are lenticular to kidney-shaped.
The basic chromosome number is x = 15.
use
Iresine species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens or to design carpeted beds , rarely also in window boxes or as house plants.
There are some types that are known for their effects on the human body and are sometimes used as a supplement in the manufacture of Ayahuasca products.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Iresine was established in 1756 by Patrick Browne , in The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica , p. 358. A synonym for Iresine P.Browne is Dicraurus Hook. f.
The distribution area of the genus Iresine includes tropical Asia, western Africa, tropical to subtropical North and South America and the Pacific islands (including the Galápagos Islands ).
There are around 70 types of Iresine (selection):
- Iresine diffusa Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willd. : It is distributed from the southern United States and Mexico to southern South America.
- Iresine herbstii Hook. ex Lindl. : The exact homeland is unknown, probably the Neotropic.
- Iresine heterophylla Standley
- Iresine leptoclada (Bentham & Hooker f.) Henrickson & SDSundberg
- Iresine palmeri (S.Watson) Standley
- Iresine rhizomatosa Standley : It is found in the United States.
Iresine no longer belongs to this genus :
- Iresine glomerata A. Spreng. → Pfaffia glomerata (A.Spreng.) Pedersen
- Iresine javanica Burm. f. and Iresine persica Burm. f. → Aerva javanica (Burm. F.) Juss. ex Schult.
literature
- Bojian Bao, Thomas Borsch, Steven E. Clemants: Amaranthaceae. : Iresine , p. 426 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, December 19, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X .
- Steven E. Clemants: Iresine , p. 454 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ayahuasca Additive Plants by serendipity .
- ↑ a b c d e Iresine in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 11, 2017.