Isjaslav I.

Isjaslaw I. Jaroslawitsch (* 1024 , † October 3, 1078 ) was Grand Duke of Kiev from 1054 to 1073 and from 1077 to 1078. He comes from the Rurikids family and was the son of Yaroslav the Wise and his wife Ingigerd Olafsdottir of Sweden.

Life

In 1043 he married on the basis of an agreement between his father and the Polish Duke Casimir I, whose sister Gertrud in 1052 he became Prince of Novgorod .

In 1054 he was the eldest son after the death of his father in accordance with the seniority principle, the most important part of the Kievan Rus principality : the capital Kiev. At first he apparently ruled by mutual agreement with his brothers Svyatoslaw (Prince of Chernigov ) and Vsevolod (including Prince of Perejaslav ). Together they fought against Vezlavs of Polotsk , a distantly related Rurikid who tried several times to bring Novgorod under his control. On March 3, 1067 they defeated him for the time being in the Battle of the Nemiga .

In 1068 the three brothers on the Alta were crushed by the Polowzians (Cumans). In the same year, the people of Kiev called a people's assembly ( Veche ), following the example of Novgorod , which raised Vezlav of Polotsk as the new Grand Duke. Isjaslaw fled to Poland , where Duke Bolesław II , the nephew of his wife Gertrud, ruled. Together they moved to the Rus in 1069 , whereupon Wseslaw fled before the fighting began. In Kiev, Isjaslav had numerous members of the patriciate executed or blinded.

In 1073 the Kievans, this time with the support of Svyatoslav and Vsevolod, drove their grand dukes again and Svyatoslav took the throne. Isjaslaw fled again to Bolesław II of Poland, then to Emperor Henry IV. His son Jaropolk negotiated with Pope Gregory VII at the same time , gave him Kiev and received it back as an apostolic fief . The Pope in turn instructed Bolesław II to recapture the now ecclesiastical land for Isjaslav and his son. But Bolesław had already allied himself with Isjaslav's brothers and was reluctant to carry out the Pope's mandate. It was only when a papal legate had raised Bolesław from Duke to King of Poland that he set out on a campaign in Kiev.

Svyatoslav had died in the meantime (1076) and Vsevolod succeeded him as Grand Duke. Vsevolod went against the army and reached a negotiated solution that enabled Isjaslav to return to the seat of the Grand Duke, while Vsevolod became Prince of Chernigov, who had originally received his son Oleg after Svyatoslav's death . Oleg then allied himself with his cousin Boris Vyacheslavich of Tmutorokan and returned together with Cuman allies to conquer Chernigov for themselves. Isjaslav and Vsevolod faced Oleg's army at Nezhatyna Nyva (today's Nischyn ) on October 3, 1078 . In this battle Oleg was defeated, and Isjaslav and Boris were killed. Vsevolod benefited from the situation, who thereby acquired the title of Grand Duke of Kiev, and his son Vladimir Monomakh , who became the new Prince of Chernigov. Because of Isjaslav's death, Pope Gregory's plans to win Kiev for the Roman Church also failed . In his last year of reign, Isjaslav I sent another campaign against the old enemy Polotsk.

literature

• Jevgeny Alexandrovich Kivlitsky: Isjaslaw (Dimitri) Yaroslavich . In: Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона - Enziklopeditscheski slowar Brokgausa i Jefrona . tape 12 a [24]: Земпер – Имидокислоты. Brockhaus-Efron, Saint Petersburg 1894, p. 896 (Russian, full text [ Wikisource ] PDF ).
• Igor Yermolajew: Ryurikowitschi. Proschloje w Lizach. Biographical slovak. Olma Media Group, Moscow 2002, ISBN 5-224-03862-6 , p. 74, (Russian, books.google.com ).

Web links

• Iziaslav Yaroslavych on encyclopediaofukraine.com (English)

References and comments

1. ↑ while Casimir was married to Maria Dobroniega , a sister or aunt of Isjaslav.

predecessor	Office	successor
Yaroslav the Wise	Grand Prince of Kievan Rus 1054-1073	Svyatoslav II
Svyatoslav II	Grand Duke of the Kiev Rus 1076-1078	Vsevolod I.