Isobutyronitrile

Structural formula
General
Surname	Isobutyronitrile
other names	Isobutyric acid nitrile; 2-cyanopropane; Isopropyl cyanide;
Molecular formula	C 4 H 7 N
Brief description	colorless liquid with a bitter almond odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	201-147-5
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.043
PubChem	6559
Wikidata	Q1960244
properties
Molar mass	69.11 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.77 g cm −3
Melting point	−72 ° C
boiling point	104 ° C
Vapor pressure	43.5 hPa (25 ° C)
solubility	soluble in water (35 g l −1 at 20 ° C); soluble in acetone, ethanol and diethyl ether;
Refractive index	1.372 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 225-300-310-330
	P: 210-233-280-302 + 352-304 + 340-309 + 310-403 + 235
Toxicological data	50 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ; 200 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rabbit , transdermal ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Isobutyronitrile is a chemical compound from the group of aliphatic nitriles .

Occurrence

Isobutyronitrile has been detected in interstellar space.

Extraction and presentation

Isobutyronitrile can be obtained by reacting ammonia and isobutyraldehyde in the presence of chromium oxide on aluminum oxide . It can also arise from amino acids through anaerobic degradation.

properties

Isobutyronitrile is a highly flammable colorless liquid with a bitter almond-like odor that is soluble in water. It decomposes when heated, producing hydrogen cyanide .

use

Isobutyronitrile is widely used as a solvent for electrochemical analysis. It is also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of insecticides , as an additive for gasoline and as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene .

safety instructions

Isobutyronitrile vapors can form an explosive mixture with air ( flash point 8 ° C, ignition temperature 480 ° C).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Entry on isobutyronitrile in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on November 5, 2018(JavaScript required) .
↑ Isobutyronitrile data sheet (PDF) from Merck , accessed on November 5, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry on 2-methylpropanenitrile in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed on November 5, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b data sheet isobutyronitrile, 99.6% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 5, 2018 ( PDF ).

↑ A. Belloche, RT Garrod et al. a .: Detection of a branched alkyl molecule in the interstellar medium: iso-propyl cyanide. In: Science. 345, 2014, p. 1584, doi : 10.1126 / science.1256678 .

^ DY Sorokin, S. van Pelt et al. a .: Microbial Isobutyronitrile Utilization under Haloalkaline Conditions. In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73, 2007, p. 5574, doi : 10.1128 / AEM.00342-07 .

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Entry on isobutyronitrile in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on November 5, 2018(JavaScript required) .

[Merck-2] Isobutyronitrile data sheet (PDF) from Merck , accessed on November 5, 2018.

[HSDB-3] Entry on 2-methylpropanenitrile in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed on November 5, 2018.

[Sigma-4] ta sheet isobutyronitrile, 99.6% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 5, 2018 ( PDF ).

[DOI10.1126/science.1256678-5] A. Belloche, RT Garrod et al. a .: Detection of a branched alkyl molecule in the interstellar medium: iso-propyl cyanide. In: Science. 345, 2014, p. 1584, doi : 10.1126 / science.1256678 .

[DOI10.1128/AEM.00342-07-6] DY Sorokin, S. van Pelt et al. a .: Microbial Isobutyronitrile Utilization under Haloalkaline Conditions. In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73, 2007, p. 5574, doi : 10.1128 / AEM.00342-07 .