Ivan Issidorowitsch Gwai

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Ivan Issidorowitsch Gwai ( Russian Иван Исидорович Гвай ; born December 5 . Jul / 18th December  1905 greg. In Bialowies ; † 22. July 1960 in Moscow ) was a Russian engineer .

Life

Gwai, the son of a railroad worker , attended the railway technical center in Yekaterinoslav with graduation in 1925 and then studied at the Jerkaterinoslaw Institute for Railway Engineers. There he made friends with the future poet Dmitri Borissowitsch Kedrin , with whom he was a member of the young blacksmiths' association . In 1927 he was accepted into the Red Army and sent to the infantry school in Kiev , which he left in 1928 as a platoon leader . He now studied further at the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Electrical Engineers and was also a designer in one of the factories there. In 1929 he went to Leningrad to as a design engineer in the André-Marty - yard work and study engineering Pedagogical Institute at the Leningrad Higher. In 1932 he moved to the Leningrad Research Institute for Construction . In 1933 he became head of the design office of energy - Faculty of Military Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Red Army in Leningrad.

In 1935 Gwai became an employee of the Moscow Research Institute for Rocket Engines founded in 1933 under the direction of Ivan Terentjewitsch Kleimjonows , which had replaced the Leningrad Laboratory for Gas Dynamics (GDL) founded by Nikolai Ivanovich Tichomirow . The work there by Andrei Grigorjewitsch Kostikow and Vasili Aborenkow on the development of solid rockets , under Gwai's direction, led to the Katjuscha rocket launcher , the first samples of which were made in 1938. In 1939 Katyushas were used in the Japanese-Soviet border conflict . In 1942 Gwai received his doctorate for a candidate in engineering sciences without defending a dissertation .

Gwai was also active as a writer . He worked on problems in military history . In 1948 he wrote his manuscript on Konstantin Iwanowitsch Konstantinow . In 1959 his book about a little-known hypothesis by Konstantin Eduardowitsch Ziolkowski was published .

Gwai was married to Marija Petrovna Gwai (1907–1988). Her daughter Jelena Ivanovna Gwai (1936–2013) married Yuri Lasarewitsch Jarowinski (1935–2010).

Gwai died of a heart attack . He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. Gwai was the main character in Lev Romanowitsch Scheinins heroic novel The Military Secret .

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Космический мемориал: И. И. Гвай (accessed July 3, 2018).
  2. ↑ a b Gwai's tombstone (accessed on July 3, 2018).
  3. ↑ Иван Гвай, изобретатель "катюши" (accessed July 3, 2018).
  4. ↑ Boris Evsejewitsch Tschertok : Rockets and People, volume 1, NASA History series . 2005, p. 164 .
  5. ↑ Asif A. Siddiqi: Spoutnik and the soviet space challenge . University Press of Florida, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8130-2627-5 .
  6. ↑ Pierre Baland: De Spoutnik à la Lune: l'histoire secrète du program spatial soviétique . Edition Jacqueline Chambon - Actes Sud, 2007, ISBN 978-2-7427-6942-1 , p. 17 .
  7. ↑ Jarowinski's tombstone (accessed July 3, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Gwai, Ivan Issidorowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Гвай, Иван Исидорович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian engineer
DATE OF BIRTH December 18, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Bialowies
DATE OF DEATH July 22, 1960
Place of death Moscow