Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoi
Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoi ( Russian Иван Николаевич Крамской , scientific. Transliteration Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy ; May * 27 . Jul / 8. June 1837 greg. In Ostrogozhsk , † March 24 jul. / 5. April 1887 greg. In Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian painter , educator, and art critic. He was the intellectual leader of the Democratic Art Movement of Russia from the 1860s to 1880s.
Life
He came from an impoverished middle-class family. From 1857 to 1863 he studied at the Petersburg Art Academy . He soon began to rebel against the academic art style and find supporters. He initiated the uprising of the Fourteen (восстание четырнадцати), which resulted in his expulsion from the academy.
Under the influence of the Russian revolutionary democrats, he campaigned for the responsibility of artists towards their audience, for the principle of realism in art, as well as for morality and for art with a nationality reference. He became the founder and intellectual head of the Peredwischniki movement .
In the years from 1863 to 1868 he worked as a drawing teacher. In the following years he created a series of portraits with the images of the most important Russian writers, scientists, artists and people of contemporary history of this time. That were u. a. Leo Tolstoy , Iwan Iwanowitsch Schischkin and Pawel Michailowitsch Tretyakov . These paintings are exhibited today in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow . One of his most famous portraits is The Unknown .
In addition, Kramskoi created paintings that, in addition to his understanding of democracy and humanism, also reflect his religion . His main work is the painting Christ in the Desert (Христос в пустыне) from 1872 , which is also exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery. In the following years, too, Kramskoi gave biblical themes a large space in his works.
His style of painting and his current critical positions on the art of his time influenced many artists in Russia in the last third of the 19th century.
gallery
Portrait of Leo Tolstoy , 1873
Portrait of Ivan Shishkin , 1873
Portrait of Jakow Polonski , 1875
Portrait of Ivan Shishkin , 1880
Portrait of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov
The unknown , 1883
Portrait of Taras Shevchenko
Portrait of Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov , 1885
Portrait of Maria Feodorovna
Portrait of Tsar Alexander III , 1886
Dostoevsky on his death bed, drawing, January 29, 1881
Web links
- Information about the artist and his works (Russian)
- www.abcgallery.com - many of his pictures
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Kramskoi, Ivan Nikolayevich |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Крамской, Иван Николаевич (Russian); Kramskoj, Ivan Nikolaevič |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian painter, educator and art critic |
DATE OF BIRTH | June 8, 1837 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Ostrogoshsk |
DATE OF DEATH | April 5, 1887 |
Place of death | St. Petersburg |