Peredvizhniki

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Example of a typical representative of the Peredwischniki: Grigori Mjassojedow , Die Möpf , 1887

The Peredwischniki ( Russian Передви́жники ; German: Wanderer ) were a group of Russian artists, primarily painters , who were representatives of realism in painting. These formed in protest against the restrictions of the Imperial Academy of Arts Petersburg a cooperative of artists and founded in 1870 the cooperative of artistic exhibitions ( Товарищество передвижных художественных выставок / Towarischtschestwo peredwischnych chudoschestwennych wystawok ).

history

The company was founded in Saint Petersburg on the initiative of Kramskoi , Mjassojedow , Ge and Perow . The background was a dispute within the Academy between the representatives of the avant-garde of the arts, who advocated democratic ideals, and the representatives, who advocated the doctrines declared and taught by the Petersburg Art Academy.

Group picture of the Peredwischniki around 1885
Seated (from left) : Sergei Ammosow ; Alexander Kisselev ; Nikolai Newrew ; Vladimir Makovsky ; Alexander Litovchenko ; Illarion Prjanischnikow ; Kirill Lemoch ; Ivan Kramskoi ; Ilya Repin ; ..Iwanow (employee of the board); Konstantin Makowski
Standing (from left) : Grigori Mjassojedow ; Konstantin Sawizki ; Wassili Polenow ; Yefim Volkov ; Vasily Surikov ; Ivan Shishkin ; Nikolai Yaroshenko ; Pavel Brullov ; Alexander Beggrow

The head of the newly established company was Ivan Kramskoi. The Peredwischniki were influenced by the aesthetic views of Vissarion Belinsky and Nikolai Chernyshevsky .

In the period from 1871 to 1923, the Peredwischniki organized and carried out 48 traveling exhibitions in Saint Petersburg, Moscow , Kiev , Kharkov , Kazan , Oryol , Riga , Odessa and other cities of the then Russian Empire .

As painters of realism , they often depicted the complex characters of social life with critical tones. In the humanistic art of the Peredvizhniki there was a resolute condemnation of the absolutist rule of Russia. The most important intention of her art was the representation of urban life as well as the traditions of the people.

The Peredwischniki movement gained increasing influence in its heyday during the 1870s and 1880s. In contrast to the traditional dark colors of the time, these artists chose lighter, more iridescent colors. They relied on naturalness in their pictures and showed the relationships between people and their environment.

The society brought together almost all of the country's most talented painters. The Peredwischniki soon included artists from Ukraine , Latvia and Armenia .

At the turn of the century, the Peredwischniki began to lose their focus on the representation of life. Their influence on society waned and some artists began to portray socialist ideas that depicted the development of the labor movement. Many Peredwischniki professed Soviet art and contributed to the emergence of socialist realism in painting.

In 1923 the 48th and last exhibition of the Peredwischniki took place.

Important representatives (selection)

Recent exhibitions

literature

  • Andrej Lebedew (ed.): The Peredwishniki. Cooperative for traveling exhibitions (1870-1923). Aurora-Kunstverlag, Leningrad 1982. (Translator: Karin Strauss).
  • Russian realists. Essays on the art of the wanderer. Seemann, Leipzig 1983. (Translator: Gerhard Hallmann).
  • Elizabeth Valkenier: Russian realist art. The state and society, the Peredvizhniki and their tradition. Columbia University Press, New York 1989, ISBN 0-231-06970-7 .
  • Товарищество Передвижных Художественных Выставок. Письма и документы. 1869-1899 гг. 2 volumes. Издательство 'Искусство', Москва 1987. (In Cyrillic, Russian).
Exhibition catalogs
  • Peredwischniki, "traveling painter". Realistic painting of Russia in the 2nd half of the 19th century from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow and the State Russian Museum in Leningrad. Austrian Gallery, Vienna 1976.
  • The Peredvizhniki. Pioneers of Russian painting. National Museum, Stockholm 2011, ISBN 978-91-7100-831-2 .
  • The Peredvizhniki. Russian realism painter. City of Chemnitz Art Collections, Chemnitz, Saxony 2012, ISBN 978-3-930116-13-3 .

Web links

Commons : Peredvizhniki  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Museum page Kunstsammlungen Chemnitz , accessed on April 1, 2012