Neidenstein Jewish community

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The Jewish community Neidenstein was the Jewish community in the former the Lords of Venningen belonging village Neidenstein .

history

Building of the former synagogue

The Jewish community in Neidenstein came into being in the 17th century when the manor allowed the first Jews to settle there after the Thirty Years' War . The community grew to 74 Jewish residents by 1774, 10.2 percent of the total population. Both the absolute and the relative number of Jewish residents rose in the following years, up to 179 people in 1789, which was 33.6 percent of Neidenstein's population. By 1842, the number of the Jewish population rose to 281 people, before falling continuously to 118 in 1910 (13.8 percent of the total population). Deceased parishioners were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Waibstadt .

A synagogue is documented in Neidenstein from 1796. Over time, the building became too small for the growing number of parishioners. A new building was considered and after a few years the municipality had saved the necessary permit and enough money so that construction could begin in 1831. At the turn of the year 1831/32, the new synagogue built on the site of the old was inaugurated. The exact date is not known. In addition to the synagogue, the community also had a schoolhouse and a mikveh . The community was under the district rabbinate Sinsheim .

National Socialist Persecution

Until the 1930s, the number steadily decreased the church members so that they in the seizure of power was sunk by the Nazi Party in 1933 to 63 people. At that time, the Jewish population was still fully integrated into village life. There was one Jewish member on the municipal council and six Jewish members were active in the citizens' committee. With the boycott calls that followed soon , Jewish life in Neidenstein was destroyed. From 1935 onwards, more and more Jewish houses and businesses were given up and sold. Most of the Neidenstein Jews emigrated. In the November pogroms in 1938 of Lieutenant Colonel and was the Eschelbronner SA led Waibstadter Mayor Eugene Laule destroyed the interior of the synagogue on November 10 and the last 19 Jewish residents were during the Wagner-Bürckel action in October 1940 after Camp de Gurs deported .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 32 Jewish citizens born in Neidenstein who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Memorial stones

Memorial stone in front of the Neidenstein town hall

In front of the town hall a memorial stone was erected in 2005 as part of an ecumenical youth project “In memory of the deportation of Jewish fellow citizens from Neidenstein on October 22, 1949”.

Ten Stolpersteine ​​were laid on October 13, 2010, including two in Bahnhofstrasse 31 in memory of Alfred (born 1872) and Mathilde Dürenheimer (born 1873). Both were deported in 1940. Alfred Dürenheimer died in Camp de Gurs in 1941 , Mathilde Dührenheimer managed to escape to the United States.

literature

Web links

Commons : Neidenstein Jewish Community  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The ordered "people's anger" in the Kraichgau. During the “Reichskristallnacht” 50 years ago, no Jewish place of worship was spared - actions by the SA and NSDAP . In: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung . November 9, 1988.
  2. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved February 15, 2013.