Neckarbischofsheim Jewish community

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A Jewish community in Neckarbischofsheim in the Rhein-Neckar district in northern Baden-Württemberg already existed in the 16th and 17th. Century. The Jewish community was wiped out in 1940 by Nazi persecution.

history

In 1652 there were already eight families in the area and the size of the community around 1700 is evident from the fact that between 1686 and 1730 the Mohel R. Seligmann from Hüffenhardt in Neckarbischofsheim had to perform 68 circumcisions. In 1694 there were six Jewish households in the city.

From the middle of the 18th century until 1824 Neckarbischofsheim was the seat of a district rabbi . Afterwards Neckarbischofsheim belonged to the district rabbinate Sinsheim . The last rabbis in Neckarbischofsheim were Moses Bamberger (until 1820) and after his death his son Jakob Bamberger (until 1824). During the Baden Revolution in 1848 there was a Jewish riot in Neckarbischofsheim, as in other Baden towns . The Jews from Neckarbischofsheim were buried first in Worms , then in Oberöwisheim and after 1690 in the Association cemetery in Waibstadt . Due to emigration and emigration and the loss of its function as an official town in 1864, the number of Jewish citizens decreased at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.

Synagogue memorial plaque in front of the remains of the city wall

National Socialist Persecution

In 1933, Jewish families still owned a number of trading and commercial enterprises, including: Bookbindery Faller (Hauptstrasse 16), textile store Samuel Jeselsohn (Hauptstrasse 20), travel dealership Max Katz (Hauptstrasse 47), travel dealership Markus Reiss (Markus 30), state product store Max Berthold Wolf and Ernst Wolf (MB Wolf & Sohn, Hauptstrasse 36). The Jewish doctor Dr. Georg Homburger managed the hospital and also owned a private practice. In 1933 37 Jewish people were still living in the area (2.7% of a total of 1,391 inhabitants). Some of them moved or emigrated in the following years due to the consequences of the economic boycott , increasing reprisals and disenfranchisement (USA, Palestine, Holland, England). In 1938 there were still 19 Jewish residents. The synagogue was destroyed during the November pogrom in 1938; the Jewish men were deported to the Dachau concentration camp . The last 12 Jewish residents were on 22 October 1940 Neckarbischof to Gurs deported . (from: alemannia judaica )

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 34 Jewish citizens born in Neckarbischofsheim who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

synagogue

Interior of the synagogue in Neckarbischofsheim

In 1742 a synagogue was first mentioned , which was located at 6 Rathausgasse. In 1848 the new synagogue was built in Schulgasse on the so-called old Mühlhofstatt , the site of the city mill . The city's synagogue was destroyed during the pogrom night in 1938.

Ritual bath

A ritual bath is mentioned in 1648 when a young boy drowned in an old basement where the bath was located. Since 1746 the bath has been in the old synagogue and then in the new synagogue, which was completed in 1848.

school

The Jewish community had a Jewish school in the old synagogue on Rathausgasse until 1876 . In 1855 the building was converted for school purposes. After 1876 there was only a Jewish religious school in the building.

Community development

year Parishioners
1694 6 families
1746 20 families
1807 123 people 9.9% of the population
1813 140 people
1825 187 people 10.4% of the population
1859 189 people
1865 160 people
1875 117 people 6.9% of the population
1884 122 people
1900 106 people
1925 40 people
1933 37 people

literature

  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , pp. 337-340 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).
  • Hans Benz and Hansjörg Bräumer: The Jews in Neckarbischofsheim. In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research. Edited by the Heimatverein Kraichgau . Episode 7/1981, pp. 233-235.
  • Samuel Jeselsohn: The end of our holy community in Neckarbischofsheim. In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research. Edited by the Heimatverein Kraichgau . Episode 7/1981, pp. 236-240.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved November 18, 2009.