Jewish community of Wiesloch
A Jewish community in Wiesloch in the Rhein-Neckar district in northern Baden-Württemberg already existed in the Middle Ages , the emergence of the modern Jewish community goes back to the 17th century.
history
Jews are first recorded in Wiesloch in 1348/49 in connection with the persecution of Jews . After repeated expulsions and persecutions, Jewish families settled in Wiesloch again in the middle of the 17th century.
In 1827 the community was assigned to the Heidelberg district rabbinate. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Jewish families lived mainly from the cattle, tobacco and hops trade and as cigar manufacturers and were of great economic importance for the city.
National Socialist Persecution
The Jewish matron Pauline Maier from Mannheim , who was deported to Gurs in 1940 , is honored with Pauline-Maier-Straße . She was killed with her patients in Auschwitz in 1942 .
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 23 Jewish citizens born in Wiesloch who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
synagogue
The new synagogue was built in 1837/38 ; there was already a synagogue for men, called the “men's school”, and a prayer room for women, called the “women's school”, which were housed in different buildings. During the November pogrom in 1938 , the synagogue in Synagogengasse / corner of Hauptstrasse was devastated by SA men , used for purposes other than intended and demolished in 1957. A memorial plaque at the former entrance and an original column in the Baiertal district (see Baiertal Jewish Community ) at the corner of Mühlstrasse and Pauline-Maier-Strasse have been a reminder of the church and the persecuted Jewish families since 1978.
Ritual bath
A ritual bath is mentioned for the first time in 1865. It was located between today's Badgasse 10 and 12.
graveyard
The Jewish cemetery on the edge of the old town is first mentioned in 1661. It was an association cemetery where the dead of the Jewish communities from the former Electoral Palatinate Oberamt Heidelberg had been buried since the 17th century .
Personalities
- Rositta Oppenheimer-Kramer († June 4, 1972): survivor of the Holocaust, member of the Upper Council of the Israelites in Baden and founder of the Jewish old people's home in Heidelberg. On November 7, 1966 she was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st class.
Community development
year | Parishioners |
---|---|
1722 | 5 families |
1748 | 7 families |
1825 | 51 people |
1857 | 70 people |
1875 | 119 people |
1880 | 125 people |
1900 | 109 people |
1910 | 125 people |
1933 | 69 people |
literature
- Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, pp. 520–522, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).
- Artur Hochwarth: The places of worship of the Jewish community in Wiesloch. In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research. Edited by the Heimatverein Kraichgau . Episode 9/1985, pp. 170-179.
- Oswald Zehe: The Jewish community in Wiesloch from its historical beginnings to the bitter end. In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research. Edited by the Heimatverein Kraichgau . Episode 9/1985, pp. 180-189.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved November 17, 2009.