Manuel Bocarro Francês

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Manuel Bocarro Francês , also Jacob Rosales (* 1588 or 1593 in Lisbon , † 1668 in Florence ) was a Marran - Portuguese doctor, astronomer, mathematician and writer.

Life

Anacephaleoses da Monarchia Luzitana: title page of the first edition from 1624

Manuel (Imanuel) Bocarro was born in Lisbon towards the end of the 16th century into a crypto-Jewish family originally from Spain . Like his father, he wants to be a doctor. He studies medicine, mathematics, philosophy and astronomy at the universities of Montpellier , Alcalá de Henares and Coimbra . After studying in France, he adopted the nickname Francês . From 1619 he ran a medical practice in Lisbon with considerable success. The archbishop of Braga is said to have been among the known people he treated . In addition to his work as a doctor, he dealt increasingly with astronomy. In 1619 he published a pamphlet in which he dealt with the appearance of a comet in 1618. Five years later, another astronomical script appeared in verse form under the title Status astrologicus sive Anacephaleoses da Monarchia Luzitana . In this work he glorified Portugal's glorious past and prophesied a great future for the Lusitan kingdom. The writing caught the attention of the Spanish Inquisition , so that in 1625 he fled to Italy after a brief stay in prison . He published the fourth part of the text, provided with an epithet by Galileo Galilei , in Rome in 1626 under the title Luz Pequena Lunar e Estelífera da Monarquia Lusitana ( Little light of the moon and starry shine of the Portuguese monarchy ). In Rome he had adopted the name Rosales as a sign of his affection for Sebastianism .

From Rome he went to Amsterdam and then to Hamburg , where members of his family already lived openly as Jews . In Hamburg he ran a medical practice from 1631 and was appointed personal physician to the Danish court. In addition, he dealt with his scientific studies. He was in correspondence with the Amsterdam Jews Menasseh ben Israel and Zacutus Lusitanus ; he later dedicated a poem of praise to both of them. In 1641 he was taken over by the German Emperor Ferdinand III. Awarded the "small Palatinat " for his services . At the same time he and his descendants were freed from the “stain of Jewish descent”. In 1645 he became the Spanish envoy to the Hanseatic cities in Hamburg. As an active member of Hamburg's Sephardic community, he was one of the initiators of the Bet Israel community in 1652 . During his time in Hamburg he continued to deal with messianic and astrological ideas and in 1644 was able to reissue the book "Status astrologicus", which was banned in Lisbon. After the Spanish crown stopped paying him and he became insolvent, he moved to Italy via Amsterdam around 1652. He settled in Livorno , where he joined the local Portuguese-Jewish community and took the name Jacob Hebraeus . In 1662 he was appointed personal physician by the Duchess Strozzi . Bocarro-Rosales died on the way to Florence.

Works

  • Tratado dos cometas que appareceram em Novembro passado de 1618 . Lisbon 1619, facsimile Lisbon 2009, ISBN 978-972-565-443-9 .
  • Anacephaleoses da Monarchia Luzitana . Lisbon 1624 digitized , extended edition Hamburg 1644, reprint Lisbon 1806.
  • Luz Pequena Lunar e Estelífera da Monarquia Lusitana . Rome 1626.
  • Regnum astrorum reformatorum, cujus fundamentum, caelestis astronomiae praxis . Hamburg 1644.
  • Fasciculus Trium Verarum Propositionum Astronomicae, Astrologicae et Philosophicae . Florence 1654.

literature

  • Hermann Kellenbenz : Jacob Rosales . In: Zeitschrift für Religionsgeschichte , 8 (1956), pp. 345–354.
  • Israel S. Revah: Une famille de Nouveaux Chretiens: les Bocarro Frances . In: Revue des Etudes Juives , 116 (1957), pp. 73-89
  • António José Saraiva: Bocarro-Rosales and the Messianism of the Sixteenth Century . In: Richard Popkin, Yosef Ed. Kaplan, Henry Ed. Méchoulan (ed.): Menasseh ben Israel and his World . Leiden 1989, ISBN 90-04-09114-9 , pp. 240-243.
  • Yaacov R. Moreno de Carvalho: On the Boundaries of Our Understanding, Manoel Bocarro Francês - Jacob Rosales and Sebastianism . In: Charles Meyers, Norman Simms (eds.): Troubled souls: conversos, Crypto-Jews, and other confused Jewish intellectuals from the fourteenth through the eighteenth century . Hamilton 2001. ISBN 9780908571741 , pp. 65-75.
  • Michael Studemund-Halévy and Sandra Neves da Silva: Tortured Memories. Jacob Rosales alias Imanuel Bocarro Francês: a life from the files of the Inquisition . In: Stephan Wendehorst (ed.): The Roman Inquisition: The Index and the Jews. Contexts, Sources and Prophecies . Leiden 2003, ISBN 978-9004140691 , pp. 107-151.
  • Michael Studemund-Halévy: Rosales, Jacob. In: Kirsten Heinsohn (ed.): The Jewish Hamburg: a historical reference work. Göttingen 2006.
  • Michael Studemund-Halévy:  Rosales, Jacob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 38 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Rosales, Jacob Hebraeus. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . 2nd Edition. Volume 17, Detroit / New York a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865945-9 , p. 421 (English).
  • Luis Tercero Casado: Una triple fidelidad: Jacob Rosales alias Manuel Bocarro Francês, judío sefardí y agente de Felipe IV en Hamburgo . In: Roberto Quirós Rosado, Cristina Bravo Lozano ( eds .): Los hilos de Penélope. Lealtad y fidelidad en la Monarquía de España, 1648–1714 . Valencia 2015. ISBN 978-84-7274-315-1 , pp. 91-107.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Matt Goldish: Patterns in Converso Messianism In: Matt D. Goldish, Richard H. Popkin (eds.): Millenarianism and messianism in early modern European culture . Dordrecht 2001. ISBN 0792368509 , pp. 41-64.
  2. ↑ Studemund-Halévy (NDB) 2005; according to EJ2, the award took place in 1647.
  3. ↑ Studemund-Halévy, 2006
personal data
SURNAME Bocarro Francês, Manuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rosales, Jacob Hebraeus; Imanuel Bocarro Frances y Rosales
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Sephardic doctor, astronomer, mathematician and writer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1590
PLACE OF BIRTH Lisbon
DATE OF DEATH 1668
Place of death Florence