Jakob Maybaum

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Johann Heinrich Jakob Maybaum (born December 26, 1888 in Laffeld ; † March 17, 1978 in Heinsberg ) was a German Catholic clergyman .

Youth and education

Jakob Maybaum was born the tenth of twelve children into a farming family. Against the will of his father, who wanted his son to do an apprenticeship as a craftsman, he decided early on to pursue the profession of priest. In 1910 he graduated from the Königliche Gymnasium in Neuss , studied six semesters of Catholic theology at the University of Bonn from the 1910 summer semester and was then trained at the Cologne seminary .

First stations

After his ordination on March 7, 1914 (Easter), Jakob Maybaum was appointed chaplain to the Catholic parish church of St. Antonius in Barmen on March 14, 1914 . In addition, he taught religion from the third term of the school year 1914/15 at what was then Barmen High School . From 1915 he was also President of the Barmen Journeyman Association , which goes back to the social ideas of Adolph Kolping and belongs to the association known today as the Kolping Society . This was followed on March 14, 1921, a position as President of the Catholic Journeyman's Association Essen -Zentral (today the Kolping Family Essen-Zentral). On November 2, 1926, he was appointed by Essen as the rectorate pastor of the Catholic parish St. Johann Baptist in Cologne-Höhenhaus . After the establishment of the now independent parish on December 1, 1929, at the end of 1932 he was also given the title of “ pastor ”.

Settlement activity in Cologne-Höhenhaus

In Höhenhaus, Maybaum became involved as a social practitioner, which he understood as his form of pastoral care. Since the Catholic Church was restricted in its activities after the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists, Maybaum founded an interest group of people willing to settle as a private person in 1933. First of all , 87 single-family houses were built with this in 1933 on the area between Honschaftsstraße, Jungbornweg and the Troisdorf – Mülheim-Speldorf railway line , which previously belonged in large parts to Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk AG in Mülheim . A total of 227 (according to other sources 215) inexpensive homes for the families of workers and civil servants were built in Höhenhaus on his initiative by 1935.

time of the nationalsocialism

Maybaum was a staunch opponent of National Socialism and did not shy away from open words against the regime in his sermons. Since investigations by the Gestapo and the Chief Public Prosecutor of the Cologne Special Court were expected to result in his arrest for pulpit abuse , he emigrated to the Netherlands on August 1, 1935 . He himself later said in retrospect that his social and political activities “aroused the envy and hatred of his political opponents and was thus forced to escape the prison and concentration camp by fleeing at the end of July 1935. I had to eat the bread of exile for 5 years ”. When the Netherlands was occupied by the Germans in May 1940, Maybaum was initially left in peace: “I spent quiet days in the house of my trustee Theodor Horn and in the Liebfrauenhaus in Cologne-Mülheim . Then came a new arrest warrant. ”His lawyer, captain by the way, saved him from this.

Pastor in Etzweiler

On May 5, 1941, the Archbishopric of Cologne transferred Maybaum again to a pastor's position as rectorate pastor to the small community of St. Hubertus in Etzweiler in the Rhein-Erft district , where he moved away from Cologne, “to the west, outside the political Shot believed ”. There he did not hold back with his opinion, refused to hoist swastika flags at the church and also secretly provided forced laborers who were housed in a camp with food. When he denounced the behavior of German soldiers in the vicinity of the village in a sermon - they were trafficking in stolen objects and molested the women - he was arrested by the Gestapo in November 1944 and taken to Cologne for interrogation, but returned a day later back. Maybaum was arrested again on December 13, 1944 and imprisoned in Gummersbach . When visiting friends in prison he said when saying goodbye: "You will probably not see me again." At the beginning of January, however, he was released from prison and returned to Etzweiler. According to the report by eyewitness Theodor Horn, Jakob Maybaum defused an anti-tank barrier in Etzweiler at night at the end of January 1945, which had been installed by the Wehrmacht to make the Allies' advance more difficult.

After the Second World War

In 1945 Jakob Maybaum was appointed by the American occupiers as head of the community of Heppendorf , to which Etzweiler belonged, and held this office until March 31, 1946. When he retired in 1972, Jakob Maybaum returned to his home parish. In 1978 he died and was buried in his birthplace.

As early as 1979 in Cologne the suggestion came up to name a street after Maybaum. Since 1980 the “Pfarrer-Maybaum-Weg” has been a reminder of the former pastor in a new building area in Höhenhaus. The village Etzweiler does not exist anymore, but had in 2006 the lignite - Hambach soft.

References and comments

  1. ↑ [Helmut Sorich:] Courage in bad times. Pastor Maybaum celebrates the golden jubilee of the priesthood . In: Kölner Stadtanzeiger (Bergheim district edition) March 3, 1964, p. 16.
  2. ^ Official staff directory of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn and the Agricultural Academy Bonn-Poppelsdorf SS 1910 to WS 1912/13 . urn : nbn: de: hbz: 5: 1-16118 ( University and State Library Düsseldorf [accessed on January 24, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c d Personal card and record sheet Jakob Maybaum, Historical Archive of the Archdiocese of Cologne
  4. ↑ Annual report on the Königl. Gymnasium zu Neuss in the school year . 1909, p.  13 , urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 1-307610 ( University and State Library Düsseldorf [accessed on January 12, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Annual report on the Städtische Realgymnasium (reform school) in Barmen: for the school year . tape  86 , 1915, pp. 11 , urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 1-131649 ( University and State Library Düsseldorf [accessed on March 1, 2019]).
  6. ↑ Festschrift for the 250th anniversary of the parish church St. Antonius in Wuppertal-Barmen . 1958, p. 79 .
  7. ^ Festschrift for the 125th anniversary of the Barmen Kolping Family . 1979, p. 29 . with obvious misprint. He succeeded the chaplain Christian Hubert Wöbel, who went from Barmen to Rohren bei Monschau in 1915 (ibid. And commemorative publication for the 250th anniversary of the parish church of St. Antonius in Wuppertal-Barmen . 1958, p. 78-79 . ).
  8. ↑ 75 years of the Catholic Journeyman's Association Essen-Zentral . 1927, p. 26-27, 29 .
  9. ↑ Kier, Lieserfeld, Matzerath (ed.): Architecture of the 30s and 40s, p. 451
  10. ↑ a b Theodor Horn: Jakob Maybaum - last pastor in Etzweiler and the end of the Second World War , p. 10
  11. ↑ Rundblick Elsdorf , December 15, 2000 (Memento on archive.today, accessed on August 5, 2020)
  12. ^ Johannes Mausbach: Etzweiler. Traces of a sold village . Cologne 1992, p. 76 (PDF; 9.0 MB)
  13. ↑ Theodor Horn: Jakob Maybaum - last pastor in Etzweiler and the end of the Second World War , p. 25
  14. ↑ Theodor Horn: Jakob Maybaum - last pastor in Etzweiler and the end of the Second World War , p. 48 f.

literature

  • Handbook of the Archdiocese of Cologne. 26th edition. Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1966, p. 806.
  • Theodor Horn: Jakob Maybaum - last pastor in Etzweiler and the end of the second world war . (Contributions to the history of the village Etzweiler (Erftkreis)), Verlag Franz Schmitt, Siegburg 2000. The author's grandfather, Theodor Horn, was Maybaum's tax advisor and trustee in his Höhenhauser settlement project. The author himself grew up as the son of Maybaum's housekeeper in his house. The content was reprinted as a series in Rundblick Elsdorf from December 8, 2000 to April 13, 2001, but without the sources of the original edition.
  • Alfred Kemp: Cologne Höhenhaus between then and yesterday. Cramer, Cologne 1996, new edition 2007.
  • Hiltrud Kier , Karen Lieserfeld, Horst Matzerath (eds.): Architecture of the 30s / 40s in Cologne. Materials on building history under National Socialism . (= Writings of the NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne. Volume 5). Emons Publishing House. Cologne 1998. ISBN 3-89705-103-6
  • Priest under Hitler's terror. A biographical and statistical survey. Arrangement by Ulrich von Hehl , Christoph Kösters, Petra Stenz-Maur and Elisabeth Zimmermann. Ferdinand Schöningh 1996. Volume 1, p. 762.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Maybaum, Jakob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Maybaum, Johann Heinrich Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German priest
DATE OF BIRTH December 26, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Laffeld
DATE OF DEATH March 17, 1978
Place of death Heinsberg