Jacob's ladder (plant)
| Jacob's ladder | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polemonium boreale in Svalbard |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Polemonium | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Jacob's ladder ( Polemonium ) - the German common name is derived from the biblical Jacob's ladder -, also called the heavenly ladder or barrier herb, is a genus of plants from the family of barrier herbs (Polemoniaceae). The 20 to 30 species are widespread in the northern hemisphere in North America and Eurasia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Jacob's ladder species are usually perennial, rarely annual, herbaceous plants . Perennial species grow from rhizomes . The sprout leaves are alternate and pinnate. The hairs can be glandular or non-glandular.
Generative characteristics
The mostly terminal inflorescences are panicles or heads . The calyx and the crown are radial symmetry , all calyx lobes are of the same shape and size, the crown is flat, wheel-shaped or funnel-shaped.
The stamens all start at the same height in the lower part of the corolla tube, the hairy stamens are of the same length. The dust bag are the same as the pen enclosed by standing out, the pollen with 30 to 100 apertures pantoaperturat .
The capsule fruits open along the compartments, each compartment they contain one to twelve egg-shaped to elliptical seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Locations
Polemonium species thrive in forests, bushland and in moderately humid locations.
Systematics and distribution
Polemonium is the eponymous genus of the family Polemoniaceae and the subfamily of Polemonioideae .
The genus Polemonium is found in North America and Eurasia .
The genus Polemonium includes 20 to 30 species, including:
- Polemonium antarcticum Griseb.
- Polemonium boreale Adams : It occurs in the far north of Europe (Norway, Spitzbergen, Jan Mayen), North America (Alaska, Canada, Greenland) and Asia (Siberia to Kamchatka).
- Polemonium brandegeei (A.Gray) Greene
-
Polemonium caeruleum L .: It occurs in Europe, Asia and North America; with several subspecies including:
- Polemonium caeruleum subsp. caeruleum
- Polemonium caeruleum subsp. himalayanum (Baker) H. Hara
- Polemonium caeruleum subsp. villosum (Rudolph ex Georgi) Brand (Syn .: Polemonium acutiflorum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult .; Polemonium racemosum Kitam. )
- Polemonium caeruleum subsp. yezoense (Miyabe & Kudô) H.Hara (Syn .: Polemonium yezoense (Miyabe & Kudô) Kitam. )
- Polemonium californicum Eastw. : It occurs in Idaho, Oregon, Washington and California.
- Polemonium carneum A. Gray
- Polemonium caucasicum N.Busch
- Polemonium chartaceum H. Mason : It occurs only in California.
- Polemonium chinense (Brand) Brand : It occurs in two varieties in China, Korea, Mongolia and eastern Russia.
- Polemonium confertum A. Gray
- Polemonium cuspidatum
- Polemonium delicatum Rydb.
- Polemonium elegans Greene : It occurs only in British Columbia and Washington.
- Polemonium eximium Greene
- Polemonium foliosissimum A.Gray : It occurs in the USA.
- Polemonium grandiflorum Benth.
- Polemonium hultenii Hara
- Polemonium hyperboreum Tolm.
- Polemonium longii Fernald
- Polemonium macranthum Klokov
- Polemonium mellitum (A.Gray) A.Nelson
- Polemonium mexicanum Cerv. ex lag.
- Polemonium micranthum Benth. (Syn .: Polemonium gayanum Brand ): It occurs in western North America, Argentina and Chile.
- Polemonium nevadense Wherry
- Polemonium occidentale Greene : It occurs in Canada and the USA.
- Polemonium pauciflorum S. Watson
- Polemonium pectinatum Greene : It occurs only in the USA (Washington).
- Polemonium pilosum (Greenm.) GNJones
- Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook. : It occurs only in Canada and the USA.
- Polemonium reptans L .: It is only found in the USA.
- Polemonium sumushanense G.H. Liu & Ma : It occurs in the Chinese province of Nei Mongol.
- Polemonium vanbruntiae Britton : It occurs only in the northeastern United States.
- Polemonium viscosum Nutt.
literature
- DH Wilken: Polemoniaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales , 2004, pp. 300-312, ISBN 978-3-540- 06512-8 .
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Polemoniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
- ↑ a b Ruizheng Fang, Dieter H. Wilkins: Polemoniaceae AL Jussieu - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Polemoniaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.
