Jan Rybkowski

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Jan Rybkowski's grave (Warsaw, Powązki Cemetery )

Jan Izydor Rybkowski (born April 4, 1912 in Bolesławów , Russian Empire , † December 29, 1987 in Konstancin-Jeziorna ) was a Polish theater director and later a film director .

Live and act

Jan Rybkowski was born in 1912 in the Bolesławów settlement, which today belongs to Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. He also went to school there. He graduated from the Art School in Poznań, formerly Poznan , with a degree in interior design and the directing faculty at the Warsaw State Institute of Theater Arts. From 1935 he worked as a set designer and director at the Contemporary Theater in Łódź and then on the stages in Częstochowa , Białystok and Warsaw.

During the Second World War he was kidnapped by the German invaders and so he spent several years as a prisoner of war in Germany. After the end of the war Rybkowski returned to the theater and in 1947 became a close associate and assistant director to Wanda Jakubowska in their feature film studio. Even before the war in 1939 he had worked with her on the film An der Memel . In 1949 Rybkowski started his own business as a director. He presented his debut film Das Haus in der Einöde ( Dom na pustkowiu ) in 1950, but was mutilated by the censors . Numerous directing work for films followed in the years 1952 to 1959.

In 1960 he made the film Tonight a City dies about the air raids on Dresden and the complete destruction of the city in February 1945, which he himself suffered as a prisoner of war. During the shooting, Rybkowski benefited from the cooperation with DEFA , whose technology he was able to use, as well as the recourse to the members of the Dresden State Theater and thousands of extras from Dresden for the crowd scenes . This new form of cooperation between the two countries' film studios included the fact that, in return, DEFA was able to shoot recordings for the film Der Fall Gleiwitz in Gliwice with the same Polish support .

Rybkowski has directed the Rytm film group since 1955. He remained their spokesman until 1968. Rybkowski was active in the PZPR ( Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza , German: Polish United Workers' Party). He and Aleksander Ford were criticized in 1968 for “harmful initiatives and co-productions with West German producers”. This affected the film When Love Was a Crime - Rassenschande ( Kiedy miłość była zbrodnią ), which was shot in 1968 with West German support, whereupon hardliners communist attacked him for allegedly defaming Poland. Rybkowski's next work Himmelfahrt ( Wniebowstąpienie ), which was shown in 1969, was also created under difficult conditions, so that he finally completed the film with his own production company Rytm for the television of Germany .

The fact that Rybkowski enjoyed a high international reputation was shown when he was appointed to the jury for feature films on the occasion of the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival in 1963 . He also taught from 1974 to 1977 at the directing faculty of the State University for Film, Television and Theater "Leon Schiller" in Łódź.

His extensive work includes 35 documentaries and feature films for cinema and television, including the thirteen-part television series The Farmers ( Chłopi ) from 1972 . He achieved further success with The Man in Tailcoat ( Kariiera Nikodema Dyzmy ), Remember , Remember Everything ( Granica ), When Love Was a Crime ( Kiedy miłość była zbrodnią ), The Woman One Can Never Forget ( Naprawdę wczoraj ) , The bus leaves at 6.20 ( Autobus odjeżdża 6.20 ) or a series of films with Mr. Anatol . Several of his films are psychologically oriented or assigned to the genre of comedy . Between 1952 and 1987 the director was awarded numerous Polish prizes.

Jan Rybkowski died at the age of 75 on December 29, 1987 in Konstancin-Jeziorna.

Quote

“There's a whole gallery of ridiculous types and characters in comedy. But can anyone, or anything abstract, isolated from the surrounding world, be ridiculous? The ridiculous can only arise in the conflict of the individual with the environment or through the shaking of normal proportions between events. "

- Jan Rybkowski : Conference lecture , Berlin 1956

Awards

  • 1952: Polish State Prize, 2nd class
  • 1954: Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
  • 1959: Commander's Cross of the Order Polonia Restituta
  • 1962: Prize of the Minister for Culture and Art, 2nd class
  • 1970: Prize from the Ministry of National Defense
  • 1973: Prize of the Minister for Culture and Art, 1st class
  • 1977: Award of the Minister for Culture and Art, 1st class for the entire work
  • 1983: Order of the Labor Banner, 1st class
  • 1987: Awarded the title "Meritorious for National Culture"

Filmography

  • 1950: The house in the wilderness ( Dom na pustkowiu )
  • 1951: Warsaw premiere ( Warszawska premiera )
  • 1952: The first days ( Pierwsze dni )
  • 1953: That should be settled ( Sprawa do załatwienia , together with Jan Fethke )
  • 1954: The bus leaves 6.20 ( Autobus odjeżdża 6.20 )
  • 1955: Hours of Hope ( Godziny nadziei )
  • 1956: The man in the tailcoat ( Nikodem Dyzma )
  • 1957: The gangster hat ( Kapelusz pana Anatola )
  • 1959: Deadly Encounter ( Ostatni strzał )
  • 1959: Mr. Anatol such a million ( Pan Anatol szuka milliona )
  • 1959: The Inspection of Mr. Anatol ( Inspekcja pana Anatola )
  • 1961: Tonight a city dies (also: The unforgotten night; Dziś w nocy umrze miasto )
  • 1962: At 7 o'clock in the Café "Märchen" ( Spotkanie w Bajce )
  • 1962: Late passers-by (episode, Spóźnieni przechodnie )
  • 1963: The woman you can never forget ( Naprawdę wczoraj )
  • 1965: The man with the flower in his mouth (TV movie, Człowiek z kwiatem w ustach )
  • 1966: A Way of Life ( Sposób bycia )
  • 1967: Bardzo starzy oboje (TV movie)
  • 1968: When Love Was a Crime - Racial Disgrace ( Kiedy miłość była zbrodnią )
  • 1969: Ascension ( Wniebowstąpienie )
  • 1970: Album Poland ( Album polski )
  • 1972: The Peasants (TV series, Chłopi )
  • 1973: The Peasants ( Chłopi )
  • 1974: The Battle of Cedynia ( Gniazdo )
  • 1976: The Morale of Mrs. Dulska ( Dulscy )
  • 1978: Remember, Remember Everything ( Granica )
  • 1978: Family Polaniecki (TV series, Rodzina Polianieckich )
  • 1980: Career (TV series, Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy )
  • 1984: Marynia ( Marynia )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jan Rybkowski. Jan Izydor Rybkowski. In: filmweb.pl. Retrieved August 10, 2020 (Polish).
  2. ↑ a b c d mjk / abe / jbr: “Jan Rybkowski 1912–1987. Pro Memoria ". In: dzieje.pl. Przemysław Skrzydelski, July 19, 2016, accessed August 10, 2020 (Polish).
  3. ^ A b c d e f Joachim Reichow: Film in Poland . With an essay by Stanislaw Janicki. Henschelverlag Art and Society, Berlin 1979, Bio-Filmographien, p. 91–153 , here p. 139 f .
  4. ↑ a b c (ADN): Polish director Jan Rybkowski died . In: New Germany . No. 306/1987 , December 31, 1987, Kultur, pp. 4 .
  5. ↑ a b Marek Haltof: Polish Film and the Holocaust. Politics and Memory . Berghan Books, New York / Oxford 2012, ISBN 978-0-85745-356-3 , Chapter5: Years of Organized Forgeting (1965–1980), pp. 115-138 , here p. 133 f .
  6. ↑ a b Ri: Tonight a city dies . In: New Germany . No. 321/1960 , November 20, 1960, film, p. 4 .
  7. ↑ (ADN): Festival in focus . In: New Germany . No. 164/1963 , June 18, 1963, pp. 4 .
  8. ↑ Jan Rybkowski: International Conference on Film Comedy . In: German film art . December 1956, Jan Rybkowski, Warsaw, p. 378 f .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Rybkowski, Jan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rybkowski, Jan Izydor (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish theater and later film director
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1912
PLACE OF BIRTH Bolesławów , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH December 29, 1987
Place of death Konstancin-Jeziorna