Jan de Jong

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
De Jong's grave in Utrecht
Cardinal coat of arms

Jan Cardinal de Jong , also Johannes de Jong , (born September 10, 1885 in Nes , Netherlands , † September 8, 1955 in Amersfoort , Netherlands) was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht .

Life

Jan de Jong studied in Rome trays Catholic theology and philosophy and received on 15 August 1908, the sacrament of Holy Orders . After further study of history (Promotion to Dr. phil. 1910) and the church history (Promotion for Doctor of Divinity. He worked in 1911) 1912-1914 as a pastor in the Netherlands. From 1914 to 1935 he taught church history at the seminary of Rijsenburg , which he headed from 1931 to 1935 as rector.

In 1935 Jan de Jong was appointed titular archbishop of Rhusium and coadjutor in the Archdiocese of Utrecht. He was ordained episcopate on September 12, 1935 by the Bishop of Breda , Pieter Adriaan Willem Hopmans .

In 1936 he became Archbishop of Utrecht. During the occupation of the Netherlands during World War II , Archbishop de Jong organized the church resistance. On July 26, 1942, he published a pastoral letter against the actions of the Germans against the Jews. Thereafter, 244 former Jews who had converted to Catholicism, including Edith and Rosa Stein , were arrested by the Gestapo on August 2, 1942 and taken to the Westerbork transit camp . Archbishop de Jong taught Pope Pius XII. about the crimes against the Jews in the Netherlands and tried to get the Pope to condemn the extermination of the Jews publicly and openly (not just implicitly). In a pastoral letter of February 21, 1943, which was read from all pulpits of the Catholic Churches, he protested against measures taken by the German occupiers and the Nationaal-Socialist Moving in Nederland , etc. a. the forced recruitment of Dutch people to work in Germany. This was preceded by a letter of February 17, 1943 to Arthur Seyß-Inquart , the " Reich Commissioner for the Netherlands ", with a sharp protest against the persecution and murder of the Jews.

Pope Pius XII took him in 1946 as a cardinal priest with the titular church of San Clemente in the college of cardinals .

Jan de Jong died on September 8, 1955 in Amersfoort and was buried in the "Sint Barbara" cemetery in Utrecht.

literature

  • Hendrikus Wilhelmus Franciscus Aukes: Kardinaal De Jong . Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht 1955.
  • Antonius Hendrikus Maria van Schaik: Aartsbisschop in oorlogstijd. Een portrait van kardinaal De Jong (1885–1955) . Gooi en Sticht, Baarn 1996, ISBN 90-304-0849-9 .
  • Henk van Osch: Cardinaal De Jong. Heroic en behoudend . Uitgeverij Boom, Amsterdam 2016, ISBN 978-90-8953-937-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Saul Friedländer : Pius XII. and the Third Reich. A documentation . CH Beck, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-406-61681-5 , p. 220.
  2. ↑ Theo Salemink: The two faces of Catholic anti-Semitism in the Netherlands. The 19th century and the period between the world wars in comparison . In: Olaf Blaschke , Aram Mattioli (ed.): Catholic anti-Semitism in the 19th century. Causes and traditions in international comparison . Orell Füssli, Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-280-02806-X , pp. 239–257, therein pp. 252–257: Epilogue: Archbishop Jan de Jongs Protest , p. 253.
  3. ^ Piet de Rooy (ed.): Geschiedenis van Amsterdam . Vol. 4: Tweestrijd om de hoofdstad, 1900-2000 . Amsterdam 2007, ISBN 978-90-5875-140-9 , p. 292.
  4. ↑ Horst Lademacher : History of the Netherlands . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1983. p. 442.
predecessor Office successor
Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen Archbishop of Utrecht
1936–1955 		Bernard Jan Cardinal Alfrink
John Joseph Glennon Cardinal Priest of San Clemente
1946–1955 		Amleto Giovanni Cicognani
personal data
SURNAME Jong, Jan de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jong, Johannes de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch clergyman, archbishop of Utrecht and cardinal
DATE OF BIRTH September 10, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Nes , Netherlands
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1955
Place of death Amersfoort