Yaroslav Dashkevych

Yaroslav Dashkevich in the late 1980s

Jaroslaw Romanowytsch Daschkewytsch ( Ukrainian Ярослав Романович Дашкевич ; scientific transliteration Jaroslav Romanovyč Daškevyč ; born December 13, 1926 in Lviv , Second Polish Republic ; † February 25, 2010 in Lviv) was a Ukrainian historian , orientalist and dissident .

biography

Jaroslaw-Iwan-Ananija Daschkewytsch (de Korybut) was born as the son of the lawyer Roman and his wife, the teacher Olena-Marija Stepaniw on December 13, 1926 in Lemberg (Lwów), then Poland. Both parents belonged to the politically active Ukrainian elite even more than their grandfathers, who were priests: the mother was with the Sitsch riflemen , the father later an officer in the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic . This commitment shaped the adolescent, gifted son who graduated from high school in 1944 during the German and shortly before the meanwhile - including World War I - third Soviet occupation of Lviv and initially took up medical courses for a time. Given the advancing army, the young Daschkewytsch could have moved to the West with his mother like his father, who lived in Austria from 1943. But he stayed in his home country and studied Ukrainian language and literature from 1944 to 1949 at the state Ivan Franko University .

The subsequent biographical and academic curriculum vitae has been constantly interrupted and hindered by political persecution for 40 years. The breaches were initially in the camp in Spassk near Karaganda, Kazakhstan, for seven years until Stalin's death, and then at intervals of four times lasting several months, and finally from 1980 to 1990 an entire decade of unemployment. In the Soviet Union, where unemployment was not allowed, there were always jobs in which Daschkewytsch's talents and knowledge were useful. Among other things, he was librarian and bibliographer in the Ivan Franko Cabinet and in the Lviv branch of the Library of the Academy of Sciences , employee in the Lviv Institute for Social Sciences (the predecessor of the later Ivan Krypjakewytsch Institute), in the ethnographic museum and headquarters State Historical Archives in Lviv.

Daschkewytsch began his academic career by following in the footsteps of the great Ukrainian historian Mychajlo after completing his philological studies and after camps in Spassk, Kazakhstan, and in "Karlag" near Karaganda , initiated by the Lviv historian Ivan Krypjakewytsch , who taught him in the grammar school Hruschewskyjs stepped in and found his research topic in the historical preoccupation with the Armenians. Since he was denied a doctorate in Lviv and Kiev, he submitted his dissertation in Yerevan at the Institute for History of the Academy of Sciences and received his doctorate there in 1963. Daschkewytsch was subsequently unable to teach. Living under ascetic living conditions, he carried out research in Lviv and sometimes wrote for the drawer. Omeljan Pritsak and Igor Shevchenko, two American orientalists and Byzantinists, tried in vain to appoint him to a professorship at the newly founded Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute . But only Daschkewytsch's Armenological essays and little else found their way into magazines in the West. It was not until 1990, at the age of 64, when others were thinking of retirement, that he began to research and teach at the Mychajlo Hruschewskyi Institute for Ukrainian Archeography - Antiquity and Source Studies - Lviv branch of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which he co-founded in 1992 and to publish intensively. He was supported in this by his wife Lyudmyla (née Sheremetyeva), a journalist and dissident with whom he had been married since 1972, and his group of employees and young students. On May 30, 1994, he completed his habilitation with the thesis "State and Orientation of Source Studies and Historical Research in Ukraine (2nd Half of the 19th to the 20th Century)". In 1996, at the age of 70, he received a professorship at the Chair of Oriental Studies at the Ivan Franko University. To become a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, of course, prevented the Kiev historical scene and nomenclatura. Most recently, a major academic honorary event was dedicated to the 80-year-old in 2007. It was the time of Viktor Yushchenko's presidency . On February 25, 2010, Yaroslav Dashkevich, one of the most important Ukrainian historians of the second half of the 20th century, died on the day President Viktor Yanukovych took office in his apartment at 28 Selena Street in Lviv city center. Discussions about the closure of the Institute for Archeography began immediately.

plant

Yaroslav Romanovich's research, as his co-workers and students called him with respect for his father, were first and foremost aimed at the Armenians in Ukraine. In his dissertation he followed the paths of the Armenian colonies, later he published again and again in English and French, especially in the Revue des Etudes Arméniennes and often with Edward Tryjarski in Polish journals about the Armenians in the territories of today's Ukraine, who in a Turkic language, the Armeno- Kipchak , left numerous documents. Other fields of research were more closely linked to Ukrainian identity. To promote and support this, Daschkewytsch wrote journalistic articles and political commentaries for newspapers again and again. Above all, however, he was concerned about the legacy of the historian Mychajlo Hruschewskyj, whose 50-volume edition is in the hands of the Institute for Ukrainian Archeography, published the memories of his parents and constantly provided new studies and essays for international and domestic conferences and occasions, about which he could often argue sharply with his scientific opponents. The bibliography of his publications has a total of 1,700 numbers. - His work was shaped by his résumé: Above all, independence and uncompromising attitude with regard to old patterns and interdependencies characterized them. Methodologically, they were characterized by an interest in biographies, source studies and comparative cultural studies. Because of this positivistic trait, Daschkewytsch historical speculations or far-reaching theories remained alien. Politically, he was part of the traditional right wing in Ukraine. It was important to Daschkewytsch, who, unlike some of his dissident friends, did not want to go into politics with the independence of Ukraine, and the institutional establishment of Ukrainian research. The most important institution he helped found was the aforementioned Mychajlo Hruschewskyi Institute for Ukrainian Archeography and Source Studies. Daschkewytsch also contributed to the revival of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv in 1990, which for many decades only existed in New York with further branches in the west, to the establishment of the Institute for Historical Research (1992) and the Nestor Society in Kiev. In Lviv, in 1992, he supported the establishment of the Institute of Church History by Boris Andrij Gudziak , the founding cell of the Ukrainian Catholic University, and he became the driving force behind the annual conferences on the history of religion in Ukraine, which were held within the framework of the Lviv Museum for History of religion since 1996. The internationally renowned scientist just didn't have time to write a large monograph. Only his students were able to present these, including his successor Myron Kapral, Jaroslaw Hrytsak , Andrij Portnow , Ihor Skočyljas, Andrij Grečylo, Jaroslaw Fedoruk, Halyna Swarnyk and many others, who in December 2016 in memory of their teacher Jaroslaw Daschkewytsch on the occasion of his 90th birthday ., Met for a big conference in Lviv.

Memberships

Jaroslaw Daschkewytsch was a member of numerous international scientific organizations, among others he was appointed to the

• International Association of Paper Historians (1974)
• Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society - Leningrad Section (1986)
• Memorial (human rights organization) (1990)
• Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv (1990), in which he immediately took on leading positions
• Ukrainian Heraldic Society (1991)
• Ukrainian historical Society (USA) (1991)
• Faina Petriakowa Science Center for Jewish Studies and Jewish Art (1999)

Honors

As numerous as his memberships were the late honors that Yaroslav Daschkewytsch received:

• Hrushevskyi Medal of the Shevchenko Society (1994)
• Winner of the International Antonovytsch Prize (1995)
• Ukrainian Order of Merit III. Class (1997)
• Honorary Citizen of Lviv (1997)
• Medal 80 Years Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1998)
• Armenian Order of Saints Sahak (Isaac) and Mesrop (1998)
• Honorary title Knight of Galicia (2000)
• Honorary Degree of Honored Scientist and Technician of Ukraine (2001)
• Yaroslav Mudryj Order V Class (2006)
• Agafanhel Krymskyj Prize (2006)

Publications (selection)

Independent publications

• Словник польських скорочень [Dictionary of Polish Abbreviations]. Kiev 1959.
• Армянские колонии на Украине в источниках и литературе XV — XIX веков: (Историографический in the 19th century. Erevan, 1962.
• Україна вчора і нині: Нариси, виступи, есе [Ukraine yesterday and today]. Kyiv, 1993.
• Вірменія і Україна: Зб. наук. статей та рецензій, 1954–1989 рр. [Armenia and Ukraine. Essay and Review Volume]. L'viv-New York, 2001. (largely reprographic reprint of the essays from the Revue des Études Arméniennes).
• Постаті: Нариси про діячів історії, політики, культури. [Design: Brief descriptions of actors from history, politics and culture]. L'viv 2006; 2007; 2016.
• «… Учи неложними устами сказати правду»: Історична есеїстика (1989–2008) [«... learn to tell the truth with an unadulterated mouth»]. Кyiv, 2011.
• Майстерня історика [the historian's workshop]. L'viv, 2012.
• Вірмени в Україні: Зб. наук. статей та рецензій, 1954–2009 рр. [Armenians in Ukraine]. L'viv, 2012. (comprehensive essay volume with the armenological studies in the Ukrainian and Russian languages).
• Україна і Схід [Ukraine and the Orient]. L'viv 2016.
• Україна на перехресті світів / Ukraine at the Crossroads of Worlds. L'viv 2016. (Religious studies and socio-cultural studies)

Editorships

• Ukrainsko-armjanskie svjazi v XVII veke; sbornik dokumentov. Kiev 1969.

Essays

Daschkewytsch's more than 1,500 essays are partly reprinted in the essay volumes. The following individual articles are mentioned as examples:

• Jaroslav Stepaniv (pseudonym), L'époque de Danylo Romanovyč (milieu du XIIIe siècle) d'après une source Karaїte, in: Harvard Ukrainian Studies 3.2 (1978): 334-373.
• Ukrainization and counter-Ukrainization, in: G. Hausmann / A. Kappeler (eds.). Ukraine: Present and History of a New State. Baden-Baden 1993, 118-125.
• East Galicia: Ethnic Situation, National Myths and Mentalities, in: Valeria Heuberger (Ed.), The Image of the Other: Identities, Mentalities, Myths and Stereotypes in Multi-Ethnic European Regions. Frankfurt a. M. [u. a.], (1999) 93-104.

Estate and Archives

Since 2010 the closest pupils of Daschkewytsch worried about his estate, which they recorded and for the development of which they edited several volumes in a memory library archive of Jaroslaw Daschkewytsch . The family archive, however, was destroyed in 1949 by the then KGB.

Festschriften

• Mappa mundi [world map]. Edited by Ihor Hyryč et al., L'viv 1996.
• Історична топографія і соціотопографія України: зб. наук. пр. : присвячується 80-річчю від дня народж. Ярослава Романовича Дашкевича. L'viv 2006.
• Лицар духу [knight of the spirit]. Edited by Ihor Hyryč. L'viv 2011.

literature

• Chto je chto v Ukraïni 2007, 264.
• Halyna Svarnyk, Daškevyč, Jaroslav, in: Encyklopedija L'vova 2 (2008) 27/28.
• OVJas', Daškevyč, Jaroslav, in: Encyklopedija istoriï Ukraïny 2 (2005) 296, online (accessed March 22, 2017).
• Andrij Portnov, Jaroslav Daškevyč i Jaroslav Isajevyč: dva oblyččja velyči istoryka, in: Ders., Istoriï istorykiv. Kyïv 2011, 201–223 = online (accessed on March 22, 2017), in English under the title Two Historians in One Lviv, in: New Eastern Europe 1,1 (2011) 147–151, as a digital copy on academia.edu , ( accessed on March 22, 2017).
• Chr. Weise, Jaroslav Daškevyč †, in: Armenisch-Deutsche Korrespondenz 2/148 (2010) 55–56, digitized on academia.edu.
• A. Felonjuk, [The Orient in Jaroslaw Daschkewytsch's scientific legacy], in: Yes. Daškevyč, Ukraïna i Schid. L'viv 2016, 7-76.
• Jaroslav Fedoruk, На перехресті століть: Ярослав Дашкевич та історичне середовище. Krytyka, Kiev 2017. ISBN 978-966-2789-05-8 .

Bibliographies

• Oksana Lihostova, Ярослав Дашкевич: біобібліографічний покажчик. Kyiv, 1993.
• Mappa mundi [world map], L'viv 1996. [Bibliography by Jaroslaw Daschewytsch 1992–1996].
• Marharyta Kryvenko, Ярослав Дашкевич: біобібліографічний покажчик. L'viv, 2006.
• Львівсъке відділення Інституту українсъкої археографії та джерелознавства, etc. Біблігракфічний покажч2012). L'viv 2012, 137-240.

Web links

Commons : Jaroslaw Daschkewytsch  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See for example Jaroslaw Hrytsak's obituary on the Internet, Пам'яті великої людини (In memory of a great person, February 28, 2010), online (accessed on March 22, 2017).
2. ↑ Galicians do not use the patronymic as a sovietism .
3. ↑ The papers of the conference will appear in two volumes shortly.
4. ↑ See on this the essay by Halyna Swarnyks, published in 2013, Збірки Меморіальної бібліотеки-архіву Ярослава Дашкевича, as a digital copy from the academia.edu website , (accessed on March 22, 2017).