Jean-Paul Poirier

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Jean-Paul Poirier (born May 13, 1935 in Paris ) is a French physicist and geoscientist.

life and work

Poirier received his engineering degree from the École centrale des arts et manufactures in Paris in 1959 and a master's degree in metallurgy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1960 . From 1963 to 1978 he was an engineer at the French Atomic Energy Commission ( CEA) , where, among other things, he dealt with the material behavior of beryllium. In 1971 he received his doctorate. From 1978 to 2003 he was a scientist at the Institut de physique du globe de Paris , where he founded the Laboratory for Geomaterials ( Laboratoire des Géomatériaux ). In 1992 he received his habilitation in physics at the University of Paris-Süd in Orsay .

He dealt with materials science and also with the behavior of rocks and minerals at high pressure and high temperature, such as in the earth's mantle, earth's crust and in the earth's core, which he investigates with diamond anvil cells. He also wrote popular science books on the history of science and the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755. His research also deals with earthquakes, for example historical earthquakes and the earthquake risk in north-west Syria.

For example, he demonstrated that ringwoodite , found in meteorites as a product of shock wave conversion, is the high pressure phase of olivine with a spinel structure . He also investigated the high pressure behavior (viscosity) of ice with applications to moons of Jupiter and Saturn in the solar system, which consist predominantly of ice and the electrical behavior of rocks under conditions in the lower mantle, important for theories of the earth's magnetic field, and their elastic behavior for the propagation of seismic waves . After the eruption of the Soufrière in Guadeloupe , he examined its newly formed andesitic rocks.

He was a visiting scientist at Cornell University in the Materials Science Department, at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Charkiw and at the Bavarian Geo-Institute in Bayreuth (as an Alexander von Humboldt Prize winner 1999). He was on the board of the French Geological Society. He has been a member of the Bureau des Longitudes since 1996 .

In 2005 he received the Leopold von Buch badge . He is a member of the Académie des sciences , from 1994 as a corresponding and from 2002 as a full member. He is a member of the Academia Europaea (2003), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2017) and a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union . In 1995 he received the Louis Néel Medal of the European Geophysical Society , in 1979 the silver medal of the CNRS and in 1998 the Bastien Guillet Medal of the French Society for Materials Science and Metallurgy . He is a Knight of the Legion of Honor (1997), Knight (1984) and Officer (2009) of the Ordre national du Mérite .

He speaks English, German, Russian, Chinese and Italian.

Fonts

Books:

  • Les profondeurs de la terre , Masson, 1991, 2nd edition 1997
  • Plasticite a haute temperature des solides cristalline , Paris, Eyrolles 1976
  • with A. Nicolas Crystalline plasticity and solid state flow in metamorphic rocks , Wiley 1976
  • Creep of Crystals: High-Temperature Deformation Processes in Metals, Ceramics and Minerals , Cambridge University Press 1985
  • Introduction to the Physics of the Earth's Interior , Cambridge University Press, 1991, 2nd edition 2000
  • Le Minéral et le Vivant , Fayard 1995
  • Le Noyau de la Terre , Flammarion 1996
  • La Terre, mère ou marâtre? , Flammarion 1998
    • German translation: The earth - mother or raven mother , Schweitzerbart 2003, ISBN 3-510-65206-1
  • Ces pierres qui tombent du ciel , Le Pommier 1999
  • Mystification à l'Académie des sciences , Le Pommier 2001
  • Quand la terre tremblait , Odile Jacob 2004
  • Le tremblement de terre de Lisbon , Edition Odile Jacob 2005
  • L'abbé Bertholon - Un électricien des Lumières en province , Hermann 2008 ( Pierre Bertholon de Saint Lazare , inventor of the oenometer )
  • Antoine d'Abbadie , Hermann 2009 (first at the Academie des Sciences in 2002)
  • Jean-Baptiste Biot , 1774-1862: un savant méconnu , Hermann 2011
  • with Alain Aspect , Roger Balian and others Demain la physique , Odile Jacob 2009
  • with Maurice Kléman, Roger Balian (editor) Physics of Defects , 35th Les Houches Lectures 1980, North Holland 1981

Some essays:

  • with J.-F. Stohr Etude en microscopie électronique du glissement pyramidal [1122] [1123] dans le magnésium , Philosophical Magazine, Volume 25, 1972, pp. 1313-1329
  • On the slip systems of Olivine , J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 90, 1975, pp. 4059-4061
  • On the kinetics of olivine-spinel transition , Phys. Earth Planet.Interiors, Volume 26, 1981, pp. 179-187
  • Dislocation-mediated melting of iron and the temperature of the Earth's core , Geophys. J. Royal Astron. Soc, Vol. 85, 1986, pp. 315-328
  • with J. Peyronneau Electrical conductivity of the Earth's lower mantle , Nature, Volume, 342, 1989, pp. 537-539
  • with S. Labrosse, JL Le Mouel On cooling of the Earth's core , Phys. Earth planet. Interiors, Volume 99, 1997, pp. 1-17
  • with GD Price Primary slip system of e-iron and anisotropy of the inner core , Phys. Earth planet. Interior, Volume 110, 1999, pp. 147-156

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Poirier, BA Romanowicz , MA Taher Large historical earthquakes and seismic risk in Northwest Syria . In: Nature. Volume 285, 1980, pp. 217-220.
  2. ^ Jean-Paul Poirier: Rheology of ices: A key to the tectonics of the ice moons of Jupiter and Saturn . In: Nature. Volume 299, 1982, pp. 638-640
  3. ↑ Poirier, P. Besson: The 3100 BP eruption of the Soufrière of Guadeloupe: a transmission microscopy study of the cryptodome andesite . In: Bull. Volcanol. Volume 56, 1994, pp. 184-192.
  4. ↑ Laudatory speech
personal data
SURNAME Poirier, Jean-Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physicist and geoscientist
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1935
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris