Jean-Pierre Mourer

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Jean-Pierre Mourer (press photo 1933)

Jean-Pierre Mourer (born August 19, 1897 in Wittring , then Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine , now the Moselle department , † June 10, 1947 in Mulhouse , Haut-Rhin department ) was a French politician and a member of the Chamber of Deputies for three legislative periods (Chambre des députés) .

French communist and Alsatian autonomist

The railroad worker Mourer became a member of the Parti communiste (PCF) founded in 1920 and was nominated as its candidate in the parliamentary elections in 1928 in the constituency of Strasbourg II. In the second round of elections, he beat the socialist candidate Georges Weill ( SFIO ) with 7,140 against 6,013 votes. In the following legislative period he represented the PCF in the parliamentary committees on Algeria , Colonies and Protectorates , Liberated Regions , Hygiene and Economy .

Because of Alsatian autonomist positions, Mourer was expelled from the PCF in July 1929 together with Charles Hueber . In October 1929, the two politicians became leaders of the Communist Party Opposition Alsace-Lorraine ( Parti communiste d'opposition d'Alsace ), which was founded on the model of the German Communist Party Opposition (also KPD Opposition; KPD-O, KPDO or KPO) -Lorraine , renamed the Alsatian Workers and Peasants Party towards the end of the 1930s ). For this party he entered the General Council ( conseil général ) of the Bas-Rhin department in 1932 and, in the parliamentary elections in the same year, narrowly beat the socialist candidate, Marcel-Edmond Naegelen ( SFIO ), in the second round of elections with 6,575 votes to 6,192 . against which he was re-elected with 5,844 votes in the 1936 parliamentary elections in the second ballot. The emigrated literary scholar Hans Mayer , who met Mourer during his exile in France, describes him as a cynical and opportunistic power man.

In the autumn of 1939, when the Second World War broke out , Mourer was arrested along with other prominent Alsatian autonomists and imprisoned for ten months in Nancy (the so-called Nanziger , French Nancéiens ).

collaboration

In 1940 Mourer was liberated by the invading German troops . Despite the objections raised by the Gestapo because of his earlier communist activities, the German administration in occupied Alsace appointed him district leader of Mulhouse. During this period he used the Germanized form of his name Hans Peter Murer . The exclusive use of the German in the occupied territory was an important concern for him. A Pforzheimer named Fritz Löffler took part in Karspach im Sundgau as a representative of the General German Language Association in the compulsory retraining of Alsatian teachers and civil servants as part of the “Entwelschung” (Germanization). On March 26, 1943, Löffler successfully proposed the establishment of a regional group "Southwest" of the language association in Mulhouse to the district leader.

When the Allied troops were approaching , Mourer fled from Alsace to Germany. In August 1945 he was arrested by American troops in Munich . Initially interned in Bad Mergentheim , he was transferred to the French authorities a year later and imprisoned in Mulhouse. On February 26, 1947, the Haut-Rhin court sentenced him to death for collaboration with Germany . On June 10, 1947, he was shot by a firing squad in Ile Napoléon . However, the evidence used against Mourer in the process did not refer to the actual time of the collaboration (1940–1945), but mainly to contacts he is said to have had in Germany before the war.

Publications

  • Why Alsatian Workers and Peasants Party? Strasbourg, Solidarité 1935

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Jean-Pierre MOURER (1897 - 1947) on assemblee-nationale.fr, accessed on December 6, 2016.
  2. ^ A b Samuel Goodfellow: From Communism to Nazism: The Transformation of Alsatian Communists , in: Journal of Contemporary History , Vol. 27, No. 2 (April 1992).
  3. ↑ "Women, power and, above all, money counted for this man: the rest, all so-called" mystique ", i.e. all political conceptions, he explained to me one evening, were interchangeable." Quoted from Hans Mayer: A German on revocation. Memories i . Frankfurt / M., Suhrkamp 1982. ISBN 3-518-03646-7 , p. 175.
  4. ↑ Olivier Wieviorka: Orphans of the Republic: The Nation's Legislators in Vichy France , Cambridge / Mass., Harvard University Press 2009 ISBN 978-0-674-03261-3 , p. 140.
  5. ↑ not to be confused with the Saxon conservationist of the same name. The Pforzheimer was called "school teacher" (corresponding to the rest of the Reich a teacher ) and so put at least for the titling emphasis on melodious "Welsh" customs which he otherwise refused
  6. ↑ See serial no.2169 . At Gerd Simon online, Figure 11, (PDF; 926 kB) a drawing of the "Gauschule Karspach" where Löffler was the director of Germanizing.
  7. ↑ Olivier Wieviorka: Orphans of the Republic: The Nation's Legislators in Vichy France , Cambridge / Mass., Harvard University Press 2009 ISBN 978-0-674-03261-3 , p. 328
  8. ^ Charles Béné: L'Alsace Dans Les Griffes Nazies . Raon-l'Étape, Fetzer 1971, p. 272.
  9. ^ Philip Charles Farwell Bankwitz: Alsatian autonomist leaders 1919-1947 . The Regents Press of Kansas, Lawrence 1978, ISBN 0-7006-0160-0 , p. 106.
personal data
SURNAME Mourer, Jean-Pierre
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Murer, Hans Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French politician
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Wittring , Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1947
Place of death Mulhouse , Haut-Rhin department