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Jenschwitz ( Upper Sorbian Jeńšecy ) is a medieval deserted area in Hoyerswerda on the Black Elster .

history

Inventory of sold plots of land in the suburbs of the Hoyerswerda rulership , centered with the mention of Jenschwitz, 1681.

Already in the Iron Age there was a settlement in the area of ​​today's desert, but it was on the opposite side of the Black Elster. This settlement falls into the period of the Lusatian culture and was inhabited by a tribe that cannot be reliably identified. After the end of the Lausitz culture up to the second phase of the medieval country development , the country was uninhabited. During the settlement of the area around Hoyerswerda in the 12th / 13th centuries. In the 19th century, mainly Sorbian settlers founded a small settlement not far from the Black Elster. Presumably the foundation was made by a locator . It was also during this time that a first crossing over the river near the village was created, which still exists at this point today.

Presumably due to the founding of the city of Hoyerswerda in the immediate vicinity and due to environmental influences, such as the regularly recurring floods of the Black Elster at the local site, Jenschwitz was already abandoned before or during the late Middle Ages . According to a local chronicle from Hoyerswerda from 1850, the inhabitants left their village because the subsoil was too swampy and the houses could not be permanently established.

In the land register of the Hoyerswerda rule from 1568, an economic report on all of the rule's villages, Jenschwitz is no longer mentioned, but the Hummelmühle near Jenschwitz, as well as a Paul Jenkez from the nearby village of Zeißig , whose surname still indicates Jenschwitz as a court name could.

In the 17th century, Jenschwitz is finally mentioned as part of the Hoyerswerda Vorwerk. At that time the local corridor was arable land. Parts of Jenschwitz were sold before the rule was dissolved. Johann Georg II., Elector of Saxony , who had owned the rule since 1660, pledged it from 1662 to 1669 to Leopold Wilhelm Margrave of Baden for a ton of gold. It was evidently important to Leopold Wilhelm's administrators to make as much profit as possible from the foreseeable short period of ownership, and so they also sold property owned by the rulers; so also parts of Jenschwitz, as the inventory of 1681 described below shows. The remaining Vorwerk was finally in 1786 leasehold given to farmers in the area, consequently Jenschwitz.

Today the desert is a ground monument , on the terrain of which a wild garbage dump was partly built after 1945, which existed until around 1980. The garden section "Jenschwitz eV" located there today is only partially located in the historical area. The remaining parts are used as grassland and are mostly privately owned.

Place name

Ernst Eichler leads the place name back to a personal name Jan-š, Jensch , the German place name corresponds to the Sorbian name Jeńšecy . He makes reference to similar developments in the Jannowitz (Sorbian Janecy ) Jenkwitz (Jenkecy) , John village in Königswartha (also Jeńšecy ), Jänschwalde (Janšojce) and the Silesian Słupice (formerly Schlaupitz) lying colony Jentschwitz . In all likelihood, the personal name is the name of the locator.

Since the archives of the Hoyerswerda rulership were heavily decimated several times, the first mention of it is only received for the year 1650, when the place had long been desolate. One document speaks of the Jenzi bridges . In an inventory of the Hoyerswerda office of August 29, 1681, the name auffn Jenzschwiz is in use. The field name has appeared in today's spelling since 1744 .

Paul Kühnel also mentions the following field names for Hoyerswerda in 1891: Jenschwitz , already in the Sorbian form Jeńšecy , plus the Jenschwitz Bridge and the Jenschwitz Flur .

Local legends

The Sorbian Bauer Johann Hantscho-Hano from loop reported in 1880 by a Hoyerswerdaer forecast , according to which in the Schwarze Elster river a spirit (sorb. Ducha ) would live, every year a human sacrifice to get. This narration points to the difficulties that the river has caused people in its course and which probably also led to the abandonment of Jenschwitz.

In addition, the presumably historical narrative of the assignment, mentioned in a local chronicle from 1850, was supplemented by a legend that was well known around 1900, which is very similar to the Vineta motif . According to this, Jenschwitz is said to have sunk underground and in later times, however, the bells of a church tower could occasionally have been heard at this point.

Michał Hórnik, on the other hand, writes : “Jeńšecy - městnosć při puću do Wojerec, hdźež je hać do 30.lětn. wójny wjes stała ", translated:" Jenschwitz, a location on the way to Hoyerswerda, where a village stood until the Thirty Years War. "

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Official Journal of the City of Hoyerswerda, No. 375
  2. ↑ a b See also Hoyerswerda - history and stories from villages and towns , Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar, 1992, page 177ff.
  3. ↑ Land Registry of the Hoyerswerda Manor , Czech National Archives Prague, under ČDKM IV / H / II / 7
  4. ↑ Peter Milan Jahn writes in detail about the practice of the Sorbian court names: From robot to school prophet - Hanso Nepila , writings of the Sorbian Institute in Domowina-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7420-2175-5 .
  5. ↑ See Hoyerswerda History Booklet No. 32 - Castle History , 1989, Elke Roschmann, page 17.
  6. ↑ See also Neue Hoyerswerdaer Geschichtshefte No. 1 (1998), published by the Hoyerswerda city administration.
  7. ↑ See land use plan of the city of Hoyerswerda
  8. ↑ a b Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz - Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 112 .
  9. ↑ Ernst Eichler : Slavic place names between Saale and Neisse.
  10. ↑ see Neue Hoyerswerdaer Geschichtshefte No. 1 (1998), page 33, a note printed there by Theophilus Lessing the Elder. J. von 1786 about the burning of the archives in the 17th century
  11. ^ Sächsisches Staatsarchiv - Staatsfilialarchiv Bautzen , No. 50584, Standesherrschaft Hoyerswerda , sheet 13
  12. ↑ Jenschwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  13. ^ Paul Kühnel: The Slavic place and field names of Upper Lusatia , Central Antiquariat of the German Democratic Republic, Leipzig, 1982 (reprinted with foreword by Prof. Ernst Eichler)
  14. ↑ See sagas of Johann Hantscho-Hano , Lausitzer Druck- und Verl.-Haus, 2009
  15. ↑ Časopis Maćicy Serbskeje , born 1865, 1883–1887, 8, therein M. Hórnik: Ležownostne mjena w Serbach. 1865, Volume 18, pp. 336-344 ( digitized version )