Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (born August 17, 1612 in Wiśniowiec , today Wyschniwez , Volhynia , Ukraine ; † August 20, 1651 in Pawołocz , today Pavolotsch , Ukraine) was a Polish prince and general from the House of Wiśniowiecki of Ruthenian origin. He held various state offices in Poland-Lithuania , so he was voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship and Starost of Przemyśl , Przasnysz , Nowy Targ , Hadziacz and Kaniów .
Life
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki was born in 1612 to Michał Wiśniowiecki and Raina [Regina] Movilă [Mohyła] . He was a representative of the old princely system and expanded his power among the royal houses of the aristocratic republic through a clever marriage policy . So he married Aleksander Koniecpolski , who was in the HRR of Emperor Ferdinand III. In 1637 he was made imperial prince , he also married the older daughter of Tomasz Zamoyski , Grand Chancellor of the Polish Crown, and was able to win another noble house against the new system of princes. It is also known that Jeremi Wiśniowiecki was initially friends with the later hostile Cossacks, who wanted to choose him as their ataman , but this was prevented by the intrigues of the allied princes and the magnate party. There is also historical evidence that after the Polish defeat in the Battle of Korsun in 1648 the Cossacks granted him safe conduct across the Dnieper River . As a young adult he converted from Orthodox Christianity to Catholicism.
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki was an outstanding general. One of his greatest military victories was the successful defense of Sbarash in 1649, which lasted more than a month. In this armed conflict he could muster only 9,000 Polish soldiers against the 150,000 soldiers of the Cossacks and Tatars. His military career began with the Smolensk War (1632–1634). Three years later he fought the rebellious Cossacks and Tatars . He also fought as the commander of the Polish troops with Janusz Tyszkiewicz in the battle of Konstantynów in 1648 against the Cossacks. In the Battle of Beresteczko in 1651 he led the Polish army against the Cossacks to victory over the left wing after King John II Casimir was injured.
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki owned large latifundia in the area around Kiev and in the Ruthenian Voivodeship (now Ukraine). Through a clever economic policy, he quickly developed his lands and was even able to build his own private army (at the beginning of 2000 and later up to 9000 soldiers), with the help of which he rigidly ensured order in his country and protected it from raids by the Tartars . His uncompromising approach was criticized in the Sejm , but in the end he was able to create a fait accompli in part through great military victories.
Wiśniowiecki is one of the main characters in the novel With Fire and Sword by Henryk Sienkiewicz , where he is portrayed as a successful defender of the state of Poland-Lithuania against insurgent Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj , but also as an uncompromising and brutal military leader who is also not involved in massacres of the civilian population recoils.
marriage
From 1639 he was married to Princess Gryzelda Konstancja Wiśniowiecka, nee Zamoyska , and had a son - Michał I Korybut Wiśniowiecki , who later became King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
family tree
gallery
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki's sarcophagus in Święty Krzyż Monastery
swell
- Eryka Lassoty i Wilhelma Beauplana opisy Ukrainy
- Journal of Slavic Literature, Art and Science
- Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i mieczem (German: With fire and sword ), 1884. Part I of the trilogy .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Wiśniowiecki, Jeremi |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish prince, voivode and starost |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 17th August 1612 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wiśniowiec, today Volhynia , Ukraine |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 20, 1651 |
| Place of death | Pawołocz, Poland |