Friedrich Hausmann (mineralogist)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann

Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann (born February 22, 1782 in Hanover , † December 26, 1859 in Göttingen ) was a German mineralogist , geologist and soil scientist .

Live and act

Göttingen memorial plaque for Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann

Hausmann studied at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig and at the University of Göttingen . In 1803 he joined the mining office in Clausthal as an auditor , in 1805 he became chamber secretary at the building and smelting department in Braunschweig, made a geognostic and smelting trip through Scandinavia in 1806 and 1807 and became inspector general of the mining, smelting and salt works of the Kingdom of Westphalia in Kassel in 1809 .

After Johann Beckmann's death in 1811, Hausmann took over the professorship for mineralogy and technology at the University of Göttingen . In addition to lectures on mining and metallurgy, he also had to offer lectures on agriculture and forestry. For almost thirty years he held agricultural lectures in Göttingen based on J. Beckmann's famous “Textbook of German Agriculture”, which he recently announced under the title “The doctrine of agriculture”.

Hausmann devoted the main focus of his research activities to the investigation of the north German mountains, especially the Upper Harz , but also the Weserbergland . His works, some of which were later classified as groundbreaking, are characterized by their reliability and document his critical powers of observation. In 1821 he founded the "Göttingischer Verein Bergmännischer Freunde", whose publication "Studien" he edited and edited from 1824 to 1858. Every year he went on extensive geological excursions with his students. He regularly went on geological study trips through Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In 1818/19 he traveled with the Prince of Lippe-Detmold through Italy and in 1828/29 he toured the Netherlands, Belgium, France, England and Spain.

Hausmann caused a sensation in specialist circles with his book “ An attempt at a geological foundation for arable and forestry ” , published in 1825 . In the treatise, published in Latin as early as 1818, Hausmann points out the economic importance of the soil as a location for cultivated plants and complains about the neglect of soil science issues by geologists. With this font, Hausmann is one of the founders of a rational soil science . Since the winter semester of 1830/31, he has also held courses on "Agriculture and Forestry Soil Science" at the University of Göttingen.

In a lecture to the Göttingen Society of Sciences in 1827, he advocated the origin of the foundlings and debris found in the north German lowlands from Scandinavia and even gave exact places of origin for some, drawing on his own experience on his trips to Scandinavia. This assumption was not new, however, and various mechanisms for transport were discussed at the beginning of the 19th century ( Leopold von Buch's mud flood theory, Charles Lyell's drift theory , that is, transport with icebergs over the then more extensive Baltic Sea, and the ice age theories, which were first put forward by Alpine geologists and only later prevailed). Hausmann, who for the first time also stated the southern limit of the distribution of North German bed load in Germany, was a pioneer in bed load research with these studies.

He also made a name for himself as a mineralogist and crystallographer. He observed for the first time mineral formation in blast furnace slag (evidence from Orthoclase , 1810).

Since 1811 he was a member of the Society of Sciences in Göttingen and from 1840 as the successor to Johann Friedrich Blumenbach its secretary. In 1819 he became a Hanoverian Councilor and in 1845 a Privy Councilor.

family

Hausmann married Wilhelmine, née Lüder (1786–1841), in 1809. The marriage produced four sons and two daughters, including:

  • Maria (1795–1885) ⚭ Friedrich Christoph Henrici
  • Friedrich Ludolf (1810–1880), mineralogist, father of the cellist Robert Hausmann ⚭ Luise Benninghauß (1822–1901)
  • Henriette (1812–1859) ⚭ 1847 Johann Eduard Wappäus (1812–1879)
  • Karl (1816–1879), Prussian lieutenant general, ennobled in 1871 ⚭ Anna Soltmann (1827–1876)

Honors and memberships

Fonts

  • Crystal-logical contributions . Brunswick 1803.
  • North German contributions to mining and metallurgy . Braunschweig 1806-1810.
  • Handbook of Mineralogy . Göttingen 1813, 3 vol .; 2nd edition 1828–1847.
  • Journey through Scandinavia . Göttingen 1811-1818.
  • Investigations into the forms of inanimate nature . Goettingen 1821.
  • Attempt to establish a geological foundation for agriculture and forestry . Berlin 1825.
  • About the current state and importance of the Hanoverian Harz Mountains , Dieterichsche Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1832 ( link to the digitized version )
  • About the formation of the Harz Mountains: a geological experiment . Berlin 1842.
  • Studies by the Göttingen Association of Mining Friends . Published by JFL Hausmann. Göttingen 1824–1858, 6 vols., Including:
  • Overview of the more recent Flötz formations in the river area of ​​the Weser (1824).
  • Contributions to the metallurgical crystal science Göttingen (1850).

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Hausmann  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 106.
  2. ^ Member entry by Friedrich Hausmann (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  3. ^ Member entry of Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  4. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 17, 2019 .
  5. ↑ JG Bornemann: About the Lia formation in the area around Göttingen and its organic inclusions. Inaugural dissertation, AW Schade, Berlin 1854
  6. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter H. Académie des sciences, accessed on November 23, 2019 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Hausmann, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hausmann, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mineralogist, geologist and soil scientist
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1782
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1859
Place of death Goettingen