Johann Georg Schwarz

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Johann Georg Schwarz

Johann Georg Schwarz ( Russian Иван Григорьевич Шварц * 1751 in Transylvania , † February 17 . Jul / 28. February  1784 greg. In Otschakowo ( Moscow )) was a Hungarian - Russian German scholar , educator reconnaissance and university teachers .

Life

Schwarz studied at the universities of Halle and Jena in the 1770s . Schwarz, who was a Freemason , met Prince Ivan Sergejewitsch Gagarin (1752-1810), who was on a trip to Germany and was the head of the Russian Freemasons of the Swedish teaching system . Gagarin offered Schwarz a position as a private tutor at Gagarin's relatives AM Rachmanow in Mogilev , whereupon Schwarz came to Mogilev in April 1776. After a while he traveled to Moscow, where, thanks to the intercession of Vasily Ivanovich Maikov, he was accepted into the Masonic lodge of Prince Trubezkois . After his return, Schwarz founded a female mason lodge in Mogiljow. After some time he traveled to Mitau with an order from the Freemasons , whereupon he was elected master of the chair of the Mogiljow Lodge on his return .

In 1779, after the death of Rachmanov, Schwarz went to Moscow, where, thanks to the help of Mikhail Matwejewitsch Cheraskov , he received a position as a lecturer for German at the University of Moscow . In addition to the grammar , he taught the cultivated expression in accordance with his book draft of the principles of the German style . He lived and taught according to his enlightenment ideals, so that he was asked by the university conference to develop appropriate educational plans. In 1780 the secret lodge Harmonie was founded with 8 members, including Schwarz. When Schwarz was sent on a trip to Braunschweig via Sweden on Freemason matters in 1781, Schwarz met the founder of Moscow University Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov in St. Petersburg , who asked him to assess the state of Moscow University. Shuvalov liked his critical judgment, whereupon Schwarz was appointed college assessor (8th grade ). Schwarz traveled to Mitau with special assignments from Shuvalov. There he received a letter of recommendation from the Grand Master of the Kurland Freemasons to Johann Christoph von Woellner , who was in close contact with Friedrich August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Oels . Schwarz was introduced to the Duke of Braunschweig and reported on Russian Freemasonry. Schwarz achieved the independence of the Russian Freemason province from Sweden and returned via Berlin with statutes for a knight chapter and a rosicrucian chapter.

In 1782 Schwarz became professor of German language and literature at Moscow University. As a result of a conflict with Johann Matthias Schaden , Anton Alexejewitsch Barsow and the university curator Iwan Iwanowitsch Melissino about Freemasonry, Schwarz was downgraded to honorary professor. Schwarz was the first to give a lecture on aesthetics in 1782 .

In public lectures and private discussions, Schwarz was very committed to improving the Russian education and teaching system. His educational ideas were very much appreciated by the public. Schwarz planned to found a society to promote education. He was supported by MM Cheraskow, the Trubezkoi brothers, Semyon Ivanovich Gamaleja , Ivan Vladimirovich Lopuchin , AI Novikov and Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov . Schwarz published an advertising paper in German and French and took a stake in NI Nowikov's printing works . Schwarz founded a friendship society, which he used to set up a shared apartment for 16 students.

As a result of his deteriorating health, Schwarz withdrew to Trubezkoi's Otschakowo estate. After his death, Lev Maximowitsch Maximowitsch , Alexander Fyodorowitsch Labsin , Wassili Sergejewitsch Podschiwalow , Anton Antonowitsch Prokopowitsch-Antonsky and many others from the University of Moscow gathered in March 1784 for a memorial ceremony with poems and speeches. Two odes in German and Russian were printed. Schwarz was married and had children. The widow with the children was looked after by the friendship society and lived with Nowikow. A grandson was the minister of education, Alexander Nikolayevich Schwarz .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Шварц, Иван Георгиевич (Егорович) (Johann Georg Schwarz) . In: Русский биографический словарь А. А. Половцова . tape 22 , 1905, pp. 621-629 ( Wikisource [accessed November 29, 2019]).
  2. ↑ A. Borosdin : Шварц (Иван Григорьевич) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape XXXIX , 1903, p. 253 ( Wikisource [accessed December 2, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c Михаил Николаевич Лонгинов: Новиков и московские мартинисты . 1867.
  4. ↑ a b c d Первые масонские ложи в России. И. П. Елагин и его Союз. Шведская “система” (accessed November 29, 2019).
  5. ↑ University of Moscow: Шварц Иоганн Георг (accessed December 2, 2019).
  6. ^ JG Schwarz: Draft of the principles of the German style for the use of public lectures at the Imperial University of Moscow (printed in German and Russian) . 1780.
  7. ^ Georg von Rauch : Johann Georg Schwarz and the Freemasons in Moscow . In: Carriers of the Enlightenment in Central and Eastern Europe. Freemasons, societies, clubs . Ulrich Camen Verlag, Berlin 1979, ISBN 3-416-80609-3 , p. 212-224 .
  8. ↑ Kristine Koch: German as a Foreign Language in Russia in the 18th Century . De Gruyter , Berlin, New York 2002, ISBN 3-11-017503-7 .
  9. ↑ Ivan V. Cvětaev, Georg Treu, Tobias Castle: build a small Albertinum in Moscow: Ivan Tsvetaev and Georg Treu in his correspondence (1881-1913) . Böhlau Verlag , 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-06306-1 , p. 54 .
  10. ↑ Ode in memory of Weiland Н. WD Schwartsens dedicated to EFS. KB. vd. Constantia. Moscow. Printed with the legal permission in the free printing house at J. von Lopouchin.
personal data
SURNAME Schwarz, Johann Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Шварц, Иван Григорьевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian-Russian German studies specialist, educator, educator and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH 1751
PLACE OF BIRTH Transylvania
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1784
Place of death Ochakovo, Moscow