Johann Jeszenák

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Johann Jeszenák

Johann Jeszenák de Kiralyfia , Hungarian János Jeszenák , slow. Ján Jeszenák (born January 22, 1800 in Pressburg ; † October 10, 1849 in Pest ) was a Hungarian politician and government representative.

Life

Johann (IV.) Jeszenák was born on January 22nd, 1800 in the family home as the son of Johann (III.) Jeszenák (1769–1835) and his wife Josephine Tuczenthaler in Michaelertorgasse in Preßburg. His sister Luisa (1803-1870), who was three years younger than him, was married to Count Samuel Teleki de Szék (1792-1857). The father Johann (III.) Jeszenák was inspector general of the Pressburg Evangelical Church AB for many years. The son was also to remain connected to this church throughout his life. After completing school in Pressburg , Johann (IV.) Traveled to various countries in Western Europe - in keeping with the fashion of the time - in order to broaden his educational horizon on the one hand and to acquire the latest achievements in the field of business and technology on the other. On August 30, 1829, he married Countess Aloisia Forgách de Ghymes et Gács (1810-1891). The happy marriage resulted in five children.

Jeszenák Mausoleum at the Evangelical Gaistor Cemetery in Pressburg
Baron Jeszenák's tombstone

In 1822 Johann (IV.) Took over his father's property in Senitz [ung. Scenicze, sl. Senica] in what was then Neutra County [ung. Nyitra, slow. Nitra] . In keeping with family tradition, Jeszenák, as a staunch Lutheran, was committed to the welfare of the Hungarian Evangelical Churches AB. From 1841 he was General Inspector of the Evangelical Propstei Neutra and supervisor for the church district of Zisdanubia ("this side of the Danube "), where he mainly worked for the Protestant schools was responsible and was active in the field of education and training. He held this office until his death.

Participation in the revolution of 1848/1849

The revolutionary year of 1848, which led to unrest almost all over Europe, did not spare the Kingdom of Hungary at that time . However, the revolution developed here into a war of independence against the supremacy of the Austrian Habsburgs. Many Magyars, primarily the Hungarian nobility and aristocracy, followed Lajos Kossuth's demands with exuberant national feeling and joined the revolution, including Jeszenák. And this partisanship ultimately became his undoing and led to his early death.

In 1848, in view of his services, Jeszenák was appointed by the then newly founded (revolutionary) autonomous Hungarian government as chief provost of Neutra county . At the same time he became government representative of the Hungarian troops in the area of ​​today's Slovakia , which took action against the Slovak insurgents Jozef Miloslav Hurbans who were fighting on the side of Austria . In December 1848 there were serious armed conflicts with the imperial in the area of Tyrnau [ung. Nagyszombat, slow. Trnava] . The Hungarian troops were defeated on December 16, 1848. Jeszenák went with the rest of the Hungarian troops to Großwardein [ung. Nagyvárad, rum. Oradea] , where he surrendered on August 13, 1849 to the Russian troops allied with the Austrians. The Russians then handed him over to the Austrian authorities. Jeszenák came before a court martial under the command of Field Marshal Lieutenant Julius von Haynau , which sentenced him to death by hanging on October 10, 1849 . The Pressburger Zeitung wrote the following about it:

The Pest editor publishes the martial law judgments of Ladislaus Csány and Baron Joh. Jeßenák. They read: 'After Ladislaus Csány, born in Csány, Zalaer Comitats in Hungary, 59 years old, Catholic, single, and Baron Joh. Jeßenák, born in Pressburg, 49 years old, of Protestant religion, married, - partly confessed, partly legally transferred In their various official positions given to them by the rebel government from the beginning to the end of the revolutionary epoch, all means within their power were used to carry out the rebellion victoriously, the relevant measures and decisions themselves directed and carried out, and so in the foreground the to have nourished and promoted tendencies aimed at the overthrow of the highest dynasty and the union of states; - so they were sentenced to death by hanging for high treason, in the event of the forfeiture of their entire property, and these sentences were carried out today after confirmation and announcement. Pest, October 10, 1849. Martial courts of the Imperial and Royal courts.

Before his execution he was looked after by the (later) evangelical bishop József Székács , who accompanied him on the way to the place of execution. The judgment was carried out in the courtyard of the “ new building ” in Pest. His body lay in a coffin (on which only the family coat of arms of those of Jeszenák was emblazoned) for many years unburied in the crypt of the Reformed Church of Pest .

Only after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867 did his widow get permission to transfer his body to Pressburg. On October 10, 1867 - the anniversary of the execution of John IV - the ceremonial blessing of the newly built mausoleum, which was supposed to house the remains of Jeszenák, took place at the Gaistor cemetery. However, it was not until December 2, 1867 that Jeszenák's remains arrived from Pest and were laid to rest in the new crypt at the Gaistor cemetery .

In the Pressburger Zeitung there was the following report about the reburial of the baron:

Yesterday, 2nd d., The solemn burial of the earthly remains of the baron Mr. Joh. Jeszenák de Királyfia, who died in 1849 as a martyr for the fatherland, took place at 9 a.m. Even before 9 o'clock, people poured into the Protestant cemetery in front of the Gaisthor, at 9 o'clock came the mourning family members: the widowed Baroness Jeszenák, together with her two married daughters and sons-in-law, Count Josef Esterházy and Mr. . Draskóczy, in the cemetery and went to the warning house in which the immortalized Baron Jeszenák was laid out. [...] The funeral ceremony began with a Hungarian funeral song, after which the coffin was [...] carried to the family crypt. The entire Protestant clergy accompanied the imposing funeral procession. When they arrived at the crypt, a funeral hymn was sung again, whereupon Mr. Szeberényi said a prayer in Hungarian and blessed the hardened corpse ...

After the burial of the earthly remains, the family members went to the Protestant German church where the mourning service began at 10 a.m. The great church, which, together with the altar and pulpit, was dressed in mourning robes and was completely illuminated, could hardly contain the crowds of people who had flocked to it. After all seats were occupied, the funeral service began with a Hungarian hymn, after which Superintendent Geduly climbed the pulpit and gave a speech appropriate to solemnity. [...] After the very dignified funeral speech was held, a German funeral song was sung; Se. Hochw. Pastor Raabe then entered the pulpit and gave a short speech in German that was deeply urgent to the heart, in which, as he said, he only wanted to dedicate one obituary to the deserving Baron Johann Jeszenák, who died as a martyr for the fatherland and who held the faith . [...] At the end of the solitude of mourning Se. Reverend Pastor Geyer the altar, said a prayer in the German idiom and then said the ecclesiastical blessing, whereupon a German hymn, which was still sung, ended what was certainly the most uplifting act of funeral.

Baron Johann Jeszenák is highly revered by the Hungarian nation to this day. He is considered one of the martyrs of the Hungarian struggle for freedom in 1848/1849. In Budapest , in the XIV district (Zugló), a street was named after Johann Jeszenák.

progeny

The consistently happy marriage with Aloisia Countess Forgách resulted in five children. However, the three sons died without offspring, so that the family died out in the male line.

  • Johann (June 18 - 7, 1859), Imperial Hussar Lieutenant. He died as a result of being wounded after the Battle of Magenta .
  • Sándor (Alexander) died at the age of 21
  • Béla (Adalbert), died in childhood
  • Aloisia (1831–1896) ∞ Gyula Draskóczy (1824–1873)
  • Gisella (18 .. -?) ∞ István Count Esterházy (1822–1899)

János Esterházy , the famous Hungarian politician, was a great-grandson of Johann Jeszenák.

literature

Web links

Commons : János Jeszenák  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ engraving by Károly Rusz (1811-1899), published in the 1868th
  2. ↑ Photo taken in February 2009
  3. ↑ Mausoleum of the Evangelical Gaistor-cemetery in Bratislava
  4. ↑ a b Pressburger Zeitung of October 15, 1849
  5. ^ Preßburger Zeitung of October 11, 1867.
  6. ^ Anton Klipp: Two graves in the Gaistor cemetery in Pressburg . In: Carpathian Year Book 2016, pp. 85ff; ISBN 978-80-8175-006-9 .
  7. ↑ Ludwig Gabriel Geduly (* 1815, † 1890) Dr. theol. was Bishop of the Hungarian Evangelical Church AB for Cisdanubia .
  8. ↑ Carl August Raabe (* 1804, † 1878) was the first preacher and senior of the German Evangelical Church Community AB in Pressburg from 1843 .
  9. ^ Johann Geyer (* 1813, † 1878), was from 1862 preacher of the German Evangelical Church Community AB in Pressburg. He translated the New Testament into Hebrew.
  10. ^ Pressburger Zeitung of December 3, 1867, p. 2f
  11. ↑ János Esterházy was a member of the Slovak Parliament and was the only one who voted against the deportation of Jews from what was then the Slovak Republic .
personal data
SURNAME Jeszenák, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jeszenák de Kiralyfia, Johann (full name); Jeszenák, János (huS); Jesenák, Ján (slS)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian politician and government representative
DATE OF BIRTH January 22, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Pressburg
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1849
Place of death pest