Johann Philipp Breyne

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Johann Philipp Breyne (born August 9, 1680 in Danzig ; † December 12, 1764 ibid) was a German botanist , paleontologist and zoologist .

Life

Johann Philipp Breyne is the son of Jakob Breyne . After the death of his father he went to study at the University of Leiden . His teachers included u. a. Govard Bidloo and Herman Boerhaave . In 1699 he acquired the title of Doctor of Medicine there.

In August 1702 he traveled to England for a nine-month study visit, accompanied by letters of recommendation from his teachers . There he was received by James Petiver and soon got to know other influential members of the Royal Society. B. Hans Sloane and John Ray .

In October 1703 he arrived in Italy on board an English frigate . In Padua he visited Antonio Vallisneri . Via Bologna he comes to Ancona , where he collects sea animals on the Adriatic coast . He returned to Danzig at the end of 1704 via Austria , Bohemia , Germany and finally Holland . There he initially practiced as a doctor and a short time later married Constantia Ludewig. The marriage has six children.

In his house in Danziger Langgasse, which was in the immediate vicinity of Jacob Theodor Klein , he built up an extensive natural history collection through exchanges with other scientists . In his garden he tends a wide variety of exotic plants. His garden is visited in 1716 by Tsar Peter I and his personal physician Robert Erskine (1677-1718). Since Breyne was wealthy, he was finally able to devote himself entirely to science.

His diverse interests are evident in his works. As early as 1705 he published a short article in the Philosophical Transactions about observations of the scale insect Porphyrophora polonica , which he had made on the Spanish coast near Valencia. In 1731 he devoted an extensive publication to the small animal. In 1725 he reported about a plant leaf enclosed in amber. And together with Hans Sloane he published a work in 1737 that deals with mammoth bones excavated in Siberia.

His most important achievement is the completion of the work Prodromi fasciculi rariorum plantarum primus et secundus ... left by his father, on which he worked from his return to Danzig until 1739.

At the suggestion of Hans Sloane he was elected a member of the Royal Society on April 21, 1703 . He was also a member of the Leopoldina (since 1715), the Académie des sciences (since 1715) and the Societas Litteraria (since 1720) a forerunner of the Natural Research Society in Danzig .

The estate of the Breyne family is now in the Gotha Research Library .

Honors

The extinct species Lituites breynius of the animal family Nautiloidea is named after him.

Fonts (selection)

  • Dissertatio botanico-medica, de radice Gin-sem, seu Nisi, et Chrysamthemo bidente zeylanico Acmella dicto. Lugduni Batavorum 1700. Digitized Gallica
  • De Plantis & Insectis Quibusdam Rarioribus in Hispania Observatis , In: Philosophical Transactions. Vol. 24, pp. 2044-2055, 1704/1705
  • Epistola DJ Phil. Breynij, MD Gedanensis, & Reg. Societ. Lond. Sodal. ad D. Hans Sloane, MD Dictoe Societatis Secretarium; Varias Observationes Continens, in Itinere per Italiam Suscepto, Anno 1703 . Vol. 17, pp. 447-459, 1710/1712
  • Dissertatiuncula de Agno Vegetabili Scythico, Borametz Vulgo Dicto , In: Philosophical Transactions. Vol. 33, pp. 353-360, 1724/1725
  • Observatio de Succinea Gleba, Plantae Cujusdam Folio Impraegnata, Rarissima , Vol. 34, pp. 154-156, 1725/1726
  • Historia naturalis Cocci Radicum Tinctorii quod polonicum vulgo audit (Danzig, 1731)
  • Some Corrections and Amendments by JP Breynius, MDFRS concerning the Generation of the Insect Called by Him Coccus Radicum, in His Natural History Thereof, Printed in the Year 1731 ... , In: Philosophical Transactions Vol. 37, pp. 444-447, 1731/1732
  • A Letter from John Phil. Breyne, MDFRS to Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. Pres. RS with Observations, and a Description of Some Mammoth's Bones Dug up in Siberia, Proving Them to Have Belonged to Elephants , In: Philosophical Transactions Vol. 40, pp. 124-138, 1737
  • Prodromi fasciculi rariorum plantarum primus et secundus ... (1739) - From the estate of his father
  • Observatio de Immodico & Funesto Lapidum Cancrorum, Similiumque Terrestrium Absorbentium Usu, Indeque Ortis Calculis in Ventriculo & Renibus , In: Philosophical Transactions Vol. 41, pp. 557–559, 1739/1741 (with Hans Sloane)

swell

  • Entry for Breynius, Johannes Philippus (c 1680-1764) in the Archives of the Royal Society , London
  • Stefan Siemer: Sociability and method. Natural history collecting in the 18th century . Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-8053-2995-4 .
  • Stefan Siemer: The education of the eye . In: kunsttexte.de . 2001, number 1, pp. 1–12 ( PDF ).
  • W. Joost: The bird pictures of the Danzig naturalist Johann Philipp Breyne (1680–1764) . In: Journal of Ornithology . Volume 108, Number 3, 1967.
  • Helmut Roob: Jacob and Johann Philipp Breyne: Two Danzig Botanists in the 17th and 18th Centuries: Estate Directory . Gotha Research Library , Gotha 1988, ISBN 3-910027-00-8 .
  • JG Bujack: About Prussian naturalists of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Biographical and literary sketches. Johann Philipp Breyn . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 23, Königsberg 1840, pp. 198-209.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ entry to Breynius, John Philip (c 1680-1764) in the archives of the Royal Society , London
  2. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter B. Académie des sciences, accessed on September 27, 2019 (French).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Breyne, Johann Philipp
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Breynius, Johannes Philippus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist and zoologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 9, 1680
PLACE OF BIRTH Danzig
DATE OF DEATH December 12, 1764
Place of death Danzig