Johann Stanislaus Kubary

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Johann Stanislaus Kubary

Johann Stanislaus Kubary (born November 13, 1846 in Warsaw , † October 9, 1896 in Ponape ), also known as Jan Kubary , was a Polish ethnographer and biologist who was mainly active in the area of ​​the Carolines .

Life

Johann Stanislaus Kubary was born the son of Berta Ischerow from Berlin and a Hungarian father Stanislaw († 1852). He had a Polish stepfather. From 1863 he first worked in the Austrian civil administration in Krakow . As a young man, the medical student was involved in the Polish resistance movement against Russian suzerainty. Therefore, he fled to relatives in Berlin in 1866.

He received a five-year contract from the Hamburg trading company JC Godeffroy & Sohn to collect specimen copies for their museum . He first traveled to the Pacific in 1869, where he initially stayed for six months, mostly in Apia ( Samoa ). The company had its Pacific headquarters there. He learned the local language and photography. His interest in ornithology was aroused while traveling to Fiji and Tonga . He later made the Carolines his main area of ​​research.

In 1870 he visited the Ellice , Gilbert and Marshall Islands . He put together a grammar and dictionary of the dialects of the Ebon Islands . He spent the next four years traveling to Yap , Ponape, Palau and Melanesia . In 1873 most of the 100 or so boxes of ethnographica that he had sent to his clients went down with the ship Alfred . The following year he traveled to Germany and Warsaw.

After his contract with JC Godeffroy & Son was extended for another five years, he traveled to the Pacific again at the end of 1874 with a wide range of equipment. During a ten-day stay in Sydney , Australia , he was naturalized there in early 1875. He then sat down on Ponape. After his client stopped paying in December 1879, Kubarys received no salary.

In 1882 he worked briefly in Japan at the museums of Yokohama and Tokyo. With the support of the Berlin Ethnographic Association and the University of Leiden , he was able to continue his research on Ponape. Another lack of money forced him to work as an interpreter on the warships Iltis and Albatros .

In 1885 he took over the Matupit plantation as administrator. In Konstantinhafen he was employed by the New Guinea company as station master in 1886 (until 1891 or 1893). During this time he continued to collect, now also butterflies. He supported the imperial commissioner Fritz Rose in setting up the Erima and Gorima stations. On July 8, 1887, he was made a registrar. In November of the same year he took part in an expedition to the Astrolabe level. His contract was extended in 1888 and Kubray was appointed station master of Hatzfeldhafen . When he had a village burned down, a missionary reported him to Governor Georg Schmiele .

In Germany he did not find any new sponsors for further research. In 1893 he withdrew to his Mpomp plantation on Ponape, which had been devastated by the uprisings against the Spaniards in 1890, and devoted himself to its reconstruction.

The body of Kubary, who was an alcoholic, was found on October 9, 1896 under a tree on his plantation. His wrists had opened. On September 2, 1905, a 2.5 meter high monument was unveiled for him in Ponape.

family

Kubary was married to a wife von Ponape (née Yelliot), with whom he had a daughter who was born around 1881. The woman was involved with her second husband in the Ponape uprising, which was suppressed on February 17, 1911. For this she was banished, like many others, to Palau , and her husband was executed.

Merits

Corvus kubaryi the Guam or Mariana crow

Kubary discovered and described a number of insects and bird species:

He is honored in his name by:

Mount Kubari (5 ° 40 '0 "S, 145 ° 49' 0" E) in New Guinea is named after him.

Publications

  • Ethnographic contributions to the knowledge of the Caroline Archipelago. With 55 plates, publ. I. A. the directorate of the Kgl. Museum of Ethnology in Berlin. With co-workers from JDE Schmeltz. PWM Trap (Commission: CF Winter'sche Verlagshandlung in Leipzig), Leiden 1895 ( archive.org )
  • with R. [Rudolph] Krause: A contribution to the knowledge of the Ruk Islands , in: Mitteilungen der Geographische Gesellschaft in Hamburg , 1887–88, L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 53–63
  • Tattooing in Micronesia, especially on the Carolines. o. year, [approx. 1890].
  • The residents of the Mortlock Islands (Caroline Islands; northern Great Ocean), Geographical Society (Hamburg), 76 pages, Hamburg, 1878. (Separate reprint from the communications of the Geographical Society in Hamburg 1878–1879).
  • The Palau Islands in the South Pacific . In: ˜ Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . tape 1 (issue 4). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg October 1873, p. 177-238 (1-62) ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

literature

  • Nekrolog (PDF file; 1.40 MB) by JDE Schmeltz, pages 132-136 in International Archives for Ethnography , Volume X., 1897
  • Bibliography: L. Paszkowski; John Stanislaw Kubary. Naturalist and Ethnographer of the Pacific Islands. In: Australian Zoologist. 16, 1971, part 2, ISSN  0067-2238 , pp. 43-70.
  • LK Paszkowski: Kubary, John Stanislaw (1846-1896), naturalist and ethnographer . In: Douglas Pike (Ed.): Australian Dictionary of Biography . tape 5 . Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1974, pp. 45-46 ( adb.online.anu.edu.au ).
  • Nikolaus Mikoletzky:  Kubary, Johann Stanislaus. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , pp. 154-156 ( digitized version ).
  • The researchers of the Godeffroy Museum - Biographies, V. Johann Stanislaus Kubary. In: Treatises of the Natural Science Association in Hamburg. Birgit Scheps: The sold museum. The South Sea companies of the trading house Joh. Ces. Godeffroy & Sohn, Hamburg, and the “Museum Godeffroy” collections. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, Weiler 2005, ISBN 3-937783-11-3 , pp. 117-130, ( table of contents PDF).
  • Otto Finsch: Observations on the birds on the island of Ponapé . In: Jean Cabanis (Ed.): Journal für Ornithologie , 28th year, Leipzig 1880, pp. 283ff., (Contains numerous mentions of Kubary).

Web links

Commons : Jan Kubary  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Stanislaus Kubary  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Kubary, John Stanislaw (1846-1896).
  2. ^ National Museum of Natural History, Leiden ( Memento from August 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Kubary, Johann Stanislaus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kubary, Jan Stanislaw
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish ethnographer and biologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 13, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1896
Place of death on ponape