John Vares
Johannes Vares (pseudonym: Johannes Barbarus ; born December 31, 1889 July / January 12, 1890 greg. In the village of Heimtali , today Parish of Pärsti , Viljandi County ( Estonia ); † November 29, 1946 in Tallinn , Estonian SSR ) was an Estonian Writer , poet, doctor and politician.
Life
Johannes Vares attended high school in Pärnu and studied medicine at the University of Kiev from 1910 to 1914 . He took part as a military doctor in the First World War and from 1918 to 1920 in the Estonian War of Independence against Soviet Russia .
Johannes Vares then settled as a doctor in Pärnu, became involved as a radical socialist and began a career as a writer under his pseudonym Johannes Barbarus. Especially the French literature of the time and the Clarté movement exerted a strong influence on him. He himself was active in the artist group Siuru , in which he brought strong elements of French poetry.
When Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union , Johannes Vares was Prime Minister of the first Soviet puppet government from June 22 to August 25, 1940 . With the annexation of Estonia into the Soviet Union on August 25, 1940, he became Chairman of the Presidium of the Provisional Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Eesti NSV Ajutise Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi esimees ). He held the office until his death in 1946.
From 1941 to 1944 he fled the German occupation forces into exile in Russia . He returned to Estonia with the reoccupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union at the end of World War II .
As Johannes Vares came more and more into the crosshairs of the NKVD , he shot himself in November 1946 in the government seat of Kadriorg Palace in Tallinn.
Literary work
Barbarus began as a symbolist , but quickly turned to Expressionism , the most important representative of which, alongside Marie Under, he became in Estonia. Not least because of his medical profession, his poetry shows points of contact with Gottfried Benn . His later poems can then be described as cubist or constructivist , which is already expressed in the titles of his collections: The geometric man (1924), the multiplied man (1927). In view of the emergence of fascism , Barbarus' poetry became more politically active again in the 1930s. After the political upheaval of 1940, his poetry became a veritable propaganda poem for the new rulers.
Awards
- 1915 Russian Order of Saint Anne
- 1915 Order of Saint Stanislaus
- 1920 Freedom Cross
- 1945 Honored Writer of the ESSR
bibliography
- Mirage . Tartu: Noor-Eesti 1918. 70 pp.
- Inimene ja sfinks ('Man and Sphinx'). Tallinn: Auringo 1919. 79 pp.
- Disaster ('disasters'). Tallinn: Auringo 1920. 63 pp.
- Vahekorrad ('conditions'). Tartu: Tarapita 1922. 95 pp.
- Geomeetriline inimene ('The Geometric Man'). sl: sn 1924. 109 pp.
- Multiplitseerit inimene ('The multiplied man'). Tallinn: Eesti Kirjanikkude Liit 1927. 102 pp.
- Maailm on lahti! ('The world in turmoil!'). Tallinn: sn 1930. 121 pp.
- Tulipoint ('fire point'). Tallinn: sn 1934. 159 pp.
- Memento: kaks mälestuspoeemi ('Memento: two memorial poems '). Tallinn: Sõprus 1936. 64 pp.
- Kalad kuival ('Fish on dry land'). Tartu: Noor-Eesti 1937. 167 pp.
- Üle läve ('Over the Threshold'). Tartu: Noor-Eesti 1939. 114 pp.
- Relvastatud värsid ('Armed Verses'). Moscow: ENSV Riiklik Kirjastus 1943. 80 pp.
- Beef tea delicacies ('On Front Paths'). Tallinn: Ilukirjandus yes art 1944. 73 pp.
- Samm-sammult võidule ('step by step to victory'). Tallinn: Ilukirjandus yes art 1946. 145 pp.
- Vastu voolu ('Against the Current'). Tallinn: Ilukirjandus yes art 1946. 198 pp.
German translations
Only a few poems by Barbarus have been published in German translation that have found their way into magazines or anthologies.
Secondary literature
- Peep Harald: Johannes Vares Barbarus. Lühimonograafia. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus 1959. 96 pp.
- J. Barbaruse yes L. Toomi kirjavahetusest. Koostanud R. Hinrikus. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1984. 33 pp.
- Johannes Vares Barbarus. Personnel nimestics. Koostanud Maire Liivamets. Tallinn: Eesti NSV Riiklik Kultuurikomitee, Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu 1989. 158 pp.
- Anneli Kõvamees: Constructing a Text, Creating an Image: The Case of Johannes Barbarus, in: Interlitteraria 23/1 (2018), pp. 33–47.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eesti kirjanike leksikon. Koostanud Oskar Kruus yes Heino Puhvel. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 2000, pp. 48-49.
- ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, pp. 443–444.
- ^ For individual references see Cornelius Hasselblatt: Estonian Literature in German Language 1784–2003. Bibliography of primary and secondary literature. Bremen: Hempen Verlag 2004, pp. 30–31.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Vares, Johannes |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Barbarus, Johannes (pseudonym) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Estonian writer, poet and communist |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 12, 1890 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Heimtali , today Pärsti Municipality , Viljandi County ( Estonia ) |
DATE OF DEATH | November 29, 1946 |
Place of death | Tallinn |