Johannes Hessen

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Johannes Hessen (born September 14, 1889 in Lobberich , † August 28, 1971 in Bad Honnef ) was a German philosopher and Roman Catholic theologian .

Life

Hesse came from a farming family and, after graduating from high school, studied theology and philosophy at the Collegium Augustinianum Gaesdonck in Münster . After being ordained a priest in Münster in 1914 , Hesse worked as a pastor in Duisburg and Lette . In 1916 he was born in Münster with a work on The Justification of Knowledge According to St. Augustine as Dr. theol. PhD . Two years later the philosophical doctorate on The Philosophy of Religion of Neo-Kantianism followed in Würzburg .

The meeting with Max Scheler in the winter of 1918/19 was of great importance for Hesse: he completed his habilitation in Cologne with the then widely known philosopher and was granted a license to teach philosophy in 1921 . Hesse's lively teaching and research activity began, which manifested itself not least in an immense variety of writings. Hesse never held a full professorship, that is, a chair at a university.

Because Hesse based his thinking primarily on Augustine , while contemporary theology mainly referred to Thomas Aquinas , he quickly came under suspicion of modernism . The dispute with church bodies led in 1928 to the ban on Hesse's books The Weltanschauung of Thomas Aquinas and epistemology by the bishops of Cologne and Münster. The Cologne Cardinal Karl Joseph Schulte then even suspended Hessen as an associate professor, which ultimately could not be legally enforced.

Hesse's orientation towards the values ​​of Western tradition and his rejection of social Darwinism and other ideologems of National Socialism quickly brought him into opposition to the dictatorship that had ruled since 1933 . As a result, his venia legendi was withdrawn, his salary was withheld, three of his books were confiscated, he was banned from speaking , and he was finally threatened with a concentration camp . Hesse then emigrated to Aegidienberg in the Siebengebirge , where he wrote his three-volume textbook on philosophy , which could only appear in 1947-50.

After the war, Hessen had to wait nine years, until 1954, until he received his reparation notice, and only after well-known personalities such as Konrad Adenauer , Romano Guardini or Karl Jaspers had stood up for him. In the young Federal Republic , Hesse also emerged as an opponent of rearmament by participating in the "Action Group against the nuclear armament of the Bundeswehr". In 1956 he was one of the founding editors of the papers for German and international politics .

Pope Paul VI appointed Hesse to the papal honorary prelate on the occasion of his 80th birthday in 1969 . Hesse died on August 28, 1971 and was buried in Aegidienberg.

bibliography

Primary literature

  • The justification of the knowledge according to St. Augustine. Münster 1916. XII, 54 pp. [Part Dr. Diss. Univ. Munster 1916]
  • The justification of the knowledge according to St. Augustine. As: Contributions to the history of medieval philosophy. Texts and investigations. Vol. 19.2. Münster 1916. XII, 118 pp. [Diss. Univ. Munster 1916]
  • The absoluteness of Christianity. Represented in terms of religious philosophy and apologetically. As: armaments of the present. New episode. Vol. 6. Cologne 1917. 62 pp.
  • The philosophy of religion of Neo-Kantianism. Dettelbach 1918. VI, 62 pp. [Part Dr. Diss. Univ. Würzburg 1918]
  • Mercier as a philosopher. As: Battle for Belgium. H. 16. Mönchen Gladbach 1918. 20 p.
  • The philosophy of religion of Neo-Kantianism. As: Freiburg theological studies. Vol. 23. Freiburg Breisgau 1919. VIII, 94 pp. [Diss. Univ. Würzburg 1918] - 2., ext. Edition 1924. The philosophy of religion of Neo-Kantianism. Represented and appreciated. As: Freiburg theological studies. Vol. 23. Freiburg Breisgau 1924. X, 198 pp.
  • The immediate knowledge of God according to St. Augustine. Paderborn 1919. 60 pp.
  • The Augustinian proof of God. Historically and systematically presented. Münster 1920. 112 pp.
  • Malebranche's relationship with Augustine. In: Philosophical Yearbook. Vol. 33. H. 1. Fulda 1920. pp. 53-62.
  • Augustinian and Thomistic epistemology. An investigation into the position of St. Thomas Aquinas on the Augustinian epistemology. Paderborn 1921. 72 pp.
  • Patristic and Scholastic Philosophy. As: Everyone's library. Philosophy Department. Vol. 3. Breslau 1922. 128 pp.
  • Hegel's doctrine of the Trinity. At the same time an introduction to Hegel's system. As Freiburg theological studies. Vol. 26. Freiburg Breisgau 1922. 44 pp.
  • The philosophical currents of the present. As: Kösel Collection. Bd. 95. Kempten 1923. 118 pp. - 2., newly edited. u. exp. Edition 1940. Rottenburg 1940. 162 pp.
  • Eduard von Hartmann's theory of categories and their significance for contemporary philosophy. As: knowledge and research. Writings for an introduction to philosophy. Vol. 17. Leipzig 1924. 140 pp.
  • Augustine and its significance for the present. Stuttgart 1924. 128 pp.
  • Epistemology. As: guides of philosophy. Vol. 2. Berlin 1926. 152 pp.
  • The worldview of Thomas Aquinas. Stuttgart 1926. XII, 170 pp.
  • The causal principle. Augsburg 1928. 292 pp. - 2., exp. Edition 1958. Munich 1958. 300 pp.
  • Augustine's Metaphysics of Knowledge. Berlin 1931. 328 pp. - 2., revised. Ed. 1960. Leiden 1960. X, 298 pp.
  • The substance problem in modern philosophy. Berlin 1932. 288 pp.
  • The method of metaphysics. Berlin 1932. 78 pp. - 2nd edition 1955. Bonn 1955. 64 pp.
  • The sense of life. Twelve lectures. Rottenburg 1933. 172 pp. - 2nd ed. - 3rd ed. 1947. Rottenburg 1947. 154 pp. - 4th ed. 1955. Münster 158 pp.
  • The German genius and his struggle for God. Ten lectures. Cologne 1936. 142 pp. - 2nd edition 1937. Munich 1937. 110 pp.
  • Value philosophy. Paderborn 1937. 262 pp.
  • The mental currents of the present. Freiburg Breisgau 1937. 186 pp.
  • The values ​​of the saint. A new philosophy of religion. Regensburg 1938. 282 pp. - 2nd edition 1951. Regensburg 1951. 242 pp.
  • Platonism and Prophetism. The ancient and the biblical spiritual world in a structural comparison. Munich 1939. 240 pp. - 2nd edition 1955.
  • Add. m. Karl Helm u. Georg Wünsch: To understand the religious phenomenon. As: From the world of religion. Research and Reports. Religious Studies Series. New episode. Vol. 2. Berlin 1940. 80 pp.
  • The problem of the possible. Nicolai Hartmann's modal theory in critical lighting. In: Philosophical Yearbook. Vol. 53. H. 2. Fulda 1940. pp. 145-166.
  • Antinomies Between Ethics and Religion. On Rudolf Otto's conversation with Nicolai Hartmann. In: Philosophical Yearbook. Vol. 54. H. 4. Fulda 1941. pp. 454-461.
  • The eternal values ​​of German philosophy. A philosophical breviary. Hamburg 1942. 288 pp.
  • The spiritual reconstruction of Germany. Speech about the renewal of German intellectual life. Stuttgart 1946. 120 pp.
  • God in current affairs. Bonn 1946. 32 pp.
  • Philosophy textbook. 3 vols. Munich 1947–1950. Vol. 1: Science. 1947. 316 pp. - Vol. 2: Wertlehre. 1948. 298 pp. - Vol. 3: Reality theory. 1950. 372 pp.
  • The good news for the people of today. Essen 1947. 420 pp.
  • Existential philosophy. Basics of a philosophy of human existence. As: time and life in the spirit of the whole. o. Vol. Essen 1947. 108 pp. - 2., verb. Edition 1948. Essen 1948. 110 pp.
  • Luther from a Catholic perspective. Foundation of an ecumenical conversation. Bonn 1947. 72 pp. - 2nd edition 1949.
  • The philosophy of St. Augustine. As: Görres Library. Vol. 55. Nuremberg 1947. 64 pp.
  • On the task of philosophy and the essence of the philosopher. Two lectures. Heidelberg 1947. 46 pp.
  • Philosophy of religion. 2 Vols. Essen 1948. Vol. 1: Methods and design of the philosophy of religion. 362 pp. - Vol. 2: System of the Philosophy of Religion. 400 pp.
  • Max Scheler. A critical introduction to his philosophy on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of his death. As: time and life in the spirit of the whole. o. Vol. Essen 1948. 134 pp.
  • Essence and value of philosophy. An introduction to philosophy. As: Görres Library. Vol. 81. Nuremberg 1948. 52 pp.
  • The philosophy of the 20th century. Rottenburg 1951. 190 pp.
  • University reform. Speech. With an appendix: neo-Nazism at a German university? Recorded representation of the treatment of a Nazi victim by the University of Cologne by factory director i. R. Johannes Scherer, Bensberg. Düsseldorf 1953. 32 pp.
  • Ethics. Basics of a personalistic ethics of values. Leiden 1954. X, 168 pp.
  • Thomas Aquinas and us. Munich 1955. 146 pp.
  • Greek or Biblical theology? The problem of the Hellenization of Christianity in a new light. Leipzig 1956. 198 pp. - 2., through. u. supplementary edition 1962. Munich 1962. 168 pp.
  • Spiritual struggles of time in the mirror of a life. Nuremberg 1959. 276 pp.
  • In the struggle for a contemporary philosophy. Nuremberg 1959. 190 pp.
  • Knowledge and belief. As: belief and knowledge. Vol. 20. Munich 1959. 48 pp.
  • Christianity's claim to absoluteness. An examination of the philosophy of religion. As: belief and knowledge. Vol. 25 Munich 1963. 110 pp.

Secondary literature

  • Bernhard Franzelin SJ: On the philosophical-theological attitude of Dr. Johannes Hessens. In: Journal of Catholic Theology. Vol. 50, 1926. pp. 151-173.
  • Bernhard Franzelin SJ: Attacks Dr. Johannes Hessens on the teaching system of the Prince of Scholasticism. In: Journal of Catholic Theology. Vol. 51, 1927. pp. 252-267.
  • Joseph Lenz: The neo-Homist movement and its criticism by Hessen. In: Pastor bonus. Journal of Church Science and History. Vol. 38, 1927. pp. 26-38.
  • Bernhard Franzelin SJ: Have the foundations of our knowledge of God been shaken? On the fight of Hesse against the foundations and epistemological prerequisites of the cosmological proof of God. General discussions. As: Lectures and treatises by the Austrian Leo Society. Vol. 35. Vienna 1929. 52 pp.
  • PT Graf OSB: Johannes Hessen on the causal principle. In: Divus Thomas. Yearbook of Philosophy and Speculative Theology. Third episode. Vol. 7. Freiburg Switzerland 1929. pp. 197-225.
  • Franz Kallfelz: To the criticism of the essence view. A few thoughts following Johannes Hessen's work on the causal principle. Munich 1930. 58 pp.
  • Eduard Peis: The position of Johannes Hesse on the evidence of God. Betzdorf 1938. VIII, 136 pp. [Diss. Kath. Univ. Lions 1937]
  • H. Klinkel: A New Philosophy of Religion. To Johannes Hessen The values ​​of the saint . In: A holy church. Vol. 20, 1938. pp. 350-354.
  • W. Lenzen: An unavoidable argument. On Johannes Hessen Platonism and Prophetism . In: The pastoral care. Vol. 17, 1940. pp. 314-316.
  • Hubertus Mynarek: Johannes Hessen's philosophy of religious experience. As: treatises on philosophy, psychology, sociology of religion and ecumenics. Vol. 7/8. Paderborn 1963. XII, 166 pp.
  • Christoph Weber: The religious philosopher Johannes Hessen (1889–1971). A scholarly life between modernism and left-wing Catholicism. As: Contributions to church and cultural history. Vol. 1. Frankfurt Main 1994. 694 pp.
  • Gerhard Ehrl: Johannes Hessen and the metaphysical act. On the question of the possibility of an independent metaphysics. In: Prima philosophia. Edited by Sabine S. Gelhaar. Vol. 17. H. 3. Cuxhaven 2004. pp. 263-294.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reinhard Scheerer : Ex oriente pax. A History of the Christian Peace Conference . Part 1: 1958–1969, BoD Norderstedt 2019, p. 57, ISBN 9783749406807
personal data
SURNAME Hessen, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and Roman Catholic theologian
DATE OF BIRTH September 14, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Praise
DATE OF DEATH August 28, 1971
Place of death Bad Honnef