Johanniskirche (Brackenheim)
The Johanniskirche in Brackenheim in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg was first mentioned in the 13th century and was the original parish church of the city and grave church of the Lords of Magenheim . Since the city church of St. Jakobus was expanded within the city in the 16th century and elevated to the status of a parish church, the St. John's Church outside has been used primarily as a cemetery church.
history
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The origins of the Johanniskirche, located south of Brackenheim on a hill, lie in the dark. Conjectures about its origins range from an abandoned settlement that once surrounded it to its planning as the baptistery of the also very old Martinskirche in nearby Meimsheim . The erection of the church on the site of a pagan sanctuary is also conceivable, as there was once a relief of a fertility goddess from pre-Christian times above the entrance gate. The lords of Magenheim , who owned Brackenheim in the high Middle Ages and who also had their burial in the church, can be considered as the founders and original landlords of the Johanniskirche . Due to the architectural layout of the Johanniskirche as a three-aisled basilica in the transitional style from the Romanesque to the Gothic , the construction of the church in its essential current form is dated to the time around the year 1210. The church was first mentioned in 1246. With the decline of the Magenheimers, the church came to Württemberg with the town of Brackenheim in the 14th century . The Württemberg Count Eberhard im Bart bequeathed the church with its rights and possessions to the newly founded University of Tübingen around 1480 , which also received the right to propose the Brackenheim pastors (valid until 1919). After the city church of St. James was enlarged within the city in the early 16th century, it was elevated to a parish church, so that the Johanniskirche served only as a cemetery church in the future.
1906-09 the church was renovated under the direction of Theodor Fischer , the condition of the 15th century served as a model for the renovation. For this purpose, among other things, the level of the floor in the nave was lowered back to the original height and a new barrel ceiling made of wood was installed.
After the Second World War, the church was left to the Catholic community, which was formed by the influx of numerous Catholic expellees, before it had built its own church in 1954 with the Christ the King Church .
description
The Johanniskirche was built as a three-aisled basilica , in which the side aisles were separated from the central nave by columns and pillars. Later the roof situation was changed, whereby the basilica character was lost. The choir tower has a rectangular base with an octagonal top and is crowned by an eight-sided pyramidal tent roof. The choir has early Gothic pointed arched windows with fish bladder work and is painted with depictions of apostles and prophets as well as banners, which were probably designed in the early 15th century based on models from the Upper Rhine. The paintings represent a scenic rendition of the Creed and cover older paintings. A sacristy from the first half of the 14th century is attached to the side of the choir . There are different opinions as to whether the sacristy or rather the north aisle chapel originally served as the documented burial chapel of the Soldan family, founded by the former Turkish officer Sadok Seli Soltan (also: Johannes Soldan) who was baptized in the St. John's Church in 1305 and buried there in 1328. .
Numerous tombs from the 15th to 18th centuries have been preserved on the walls of the church, including works by Melchior Schmid from Heilbronn , Achilles Kern and the court sculptor Lauggas from Öhringen . Historically significant tombs include those of the Schaffalitzky von Muckadell family and the grave slab of the master builder of Brackenheim Castle , Martin Berwart, who died in 1564 .
In addition to the relief of a pagan fertility goddess, which has now been kept elsewhere, another relief has been preserved on the southern outer wall, the origin and age of which are unknown and which is variously interpreted as a pagan-Germanic representation or as a representation of the custom of drinking love that was widespread in the Middle Ages.
Bell jar
In the tower of the Johanniskirche there is a bronze bell, which probably dates from the 13th century. It is not labeled and has a diameter of 75 cm.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dagmar Zimdars: Handbook of German art monuments: Baden-Württemberg; 1, the administrative districts of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe . Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1993, ISBN 3-422-03024-7 , page 94 f.
- ↑ According to information board in the church choir and Werner-Ulrich Deetjen: 700th anniversary Sadok Selim - Johannes Soldan (around 1270–1328), first documented Turkish German and Brackenheim citizen , lecture on June 24, 2005 in the Johanniskirche, available as Manuscript there.
- ↑ Peter Kesting: Johannisminne. In: Author's Lexicon . Volume IV, Sp 833-835.
- ^ Norbert Jung: hilf got vnd maria, contributions to the history of bells in the city and district of Heilbronn , Heilbronn 2008, pp. 20/21.
literature
- Gerhard Aßfahl : The churches . In: Home book of the city of Brackenheim and its districts . City of Brackenheim, Brackenheim 1980.
- Adolf Schmahl: The Johanniskirche in Brackenheim (= Zabergäuvereins magazine 1/2, 1981), Brackenheim 1981.
- Heinz Rall: Historic churches in Zabergäu and the surrounding area . Zabergäuverein and Association for Church and Art, 2003, p. 16/17.
- Julius Fekete : Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn . 2nd Edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 , p. 118.
Web links
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Coordinates: 49 ° 4 '19.1 " N , 9 ° 3' 50.8" E