John Tenniel

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Sir John Tenniel, self-portrait (1889)

Sir John Tenniel (born February 28, 1820 in London , † February 25, 1914 there ) was a British illustrator and watercolorist .

Tenniel drew many cartoons for the British satirical magazine Punch . One of his most famous - and one of the most well-known caricatures of all - was Dropping the Pilot (German: mostly the pilot disembarks ) for the dismissal of the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1890.

Tenniel's illustrations for Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland and its second part, Alice Behind the Looking Glass, became best known . Because of his work, he was elected a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colors .

Life

Tenniel was born in London. Although he initially only subject who then student at the Royal Academy of Arts , he was brought up most techniques for his later career self-taught at. In 1836 he submitted a first picture to an exhibition of the Royal Society of British Artists . In 1845 he contributed the cartoon An Allegory of Justice to the wall design of the new Palace of Westminster . The contract earned him the £ 200 bonus and approval to create a fresco in the Upper Waiting Hall (Hall of Poets) in the House of Lords .

Despite his preference for the "higher fine arts", he was primarily valued for his humorous illustrations. His acquaintance with the painter and draftsman Charles Keene also encouraged his talent for academic caricatures.

Justice

At Christmas 1850 Tenniel was invited by Mark Lemon , the founder of the satirical magazine Punch , to draw with John Leech as a cartoonist for the paper. Lemon chose him as one of Aesop's Fables because of his illustrations . Tenniel's first drawing appeared in Punch Volume XIX on page 224. His first cartoon, Lord Jack the Giant Killer , featured John Russell with Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman .

For the Indian uprising of 1857 , Tenniel made illustrations such as Justice and The British Lion's Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger , which reflected the sensitivities of the British population. In 1865 Tenniel illustrated the first edition of Alice in Wonderland . Sales of 2,000 first prints were stopped because Tenniel was unsatisfied with the print quality. A new edition, dated 1866, appeared in December 1865. The book was a great success and cemented Tenniel's fame over the long term. The illustrations, like Carroll's story, went down in literary history and served as the basis for the costumes in the later Paramount film adaptation of 1933 (directed by Norman Z. McLeod ).

Tenniel's illustrations were carved into wood blocks for printing. The originals are now in the collection of the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford . During his career, Tenniel produced around 2,300 cartoons, countless smaller drawings, double-sided caricatures for the Punch's Almanac, and other special editions such as 250 drafts for Punch's pocket books . By 1885 he was earning $ 7,000 a year for his weekly Punch cartoons. In 1893 Tenniel was promoted to Knight .

In 1895 and 1900, John Tenniel's work was shown in exhibitions. A mosaic he designed is in the Victoria and Albert Museum . When Tenniel retired in January 1901 , he was bid farewell at a gala banquet by Arthur Balfour , then Chairman of the House of Commons . Tenniel's successor as “chief cartoonist” at Punch was John Bernard Partridge.

Illustrated works

Colored illustration for Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland by John Tenniel (1865)
  • 1846: Juvenile Verse and Picture Book
  • 1846: Undine
  • 1848: Aesops Fables , 100 drawings
  • 1858: Robert Blair's Grave
  • 1860: The Gordian Knot by Shirley Brooks
  • 1861: The Silver Cord by Shirley Brooks
  • 1861: Thomas Moore's Lalla Rookh , 69 drawings
  • 1865: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll
  • 1867: The Mirage of Life
  • 1870: Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll
  • 1879: hot pies!

In cooperation

The Punch caricature Dropping the Pilot (dt. Usually the pilot leaves the board ) of Tenniel to the dismissal of the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1890
  • 1857: Course of Time by Robert Pollok
  • 1857: Poets of the Nineteenth Century
  • 1857: Edgar Allan Poes Works
  • 1858: Home Affections (1858)
  • 1859: Poems and other works by Barry Cornwall (i.e. Bryan Procter)
  • 1860: Proverbial Philosophy by Martin Farquhar Tupper
  • 1863: Puck on Pegasus by Henry Cholmondeley Pennell
  • 1863: The Arabian Nights (A Thousand and One Nights )
  • 1864: English Sacred Poetry
  • 1865: Legends and Lyrics

Honors

  • Mount Tenniel , a mountain in Antarctica , is named in his honor .
  • In 2020, on his 200th birthday, Tenniel was honored by the search engine Google with a doodle that focuses on his illustration of Alice in Wonderland .

literature

  • Rodney K. Engen: Sir John Tenniel - Alice's white knight . Ashgate Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-85967-872-5 (English)
  • Roger Simpson: Sir John Tenniel - Aspects of His Work . Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8386-3493-1 (English)

Web links

Commons : John Tenniel  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ John Tenniel. Retrieved February 28, 2010 .
  2. ↑ Sir John Tenniel: A very nice Google Doodle for the 200th birthday of the 'Alice in Wonderland' illustrator - GWB. In: GoogleWatchBlog. February 28, 2020, accessed on February 28, 2020 (German).
personal data
SURNAME Tenniel, John
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British illustrator
DATE OF BIRTH February 28, 1820
PLACE OF BIRTH London
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1914
Place of death London