José María Moncada Tapia

José María Moncada Tapia (born December 8, 1870 in San Rafael del Sur , † February 23, 1945 in Managua ) was President of Nicaragua from January 1, 1929 to January 1, 1933 .

Life

Tapia grew up in Masatepe, Masaya Department , a village between Niquinohomo and San Marcos (Nicaragua) , where Augusto César Sandino and Anastasio Somoza García were born.

In 1924 Juan Bautista Sacasa became vice-president in a libero-conservadora coalition under Carlos José Solórzano . The US government then withdrew its troops from the first occupation of Nicaragua from 1911 to 1924. José María Moncada Tapia had good relations with the US Embassy. Moncada was an uncle of Anastasio Somoza García and gave him a job at the Rockefeller Foundation .

In opposition to the Emiliano Chamorro Vargas government , which had put itself to power in January 1926 with "el Lomazo" but was not recognized by the US government, Moncada Tapia went to Mexico via Costa Rica in 1926 . A group of generals started from Manzanillo (Mexico) on August 16, 1926: Saúl Sediles, Samuel Sediles, Roberto Bone, Julián Vanegas, José María Moncada Tapia and Virgilio Godoy Gutiérrez. In Salina Cruz they met with Crisanto Sacasa, Arturo Vaca, Julián Irías and General Salvador Sobalvarro. As early as May 2, 1926, Luis Beltrán Sandoval proclaimed the "Guerra Liberal Constitucionalista" on the Miskito coast . On August 25, 1926, the Partido Liberal under Juan Bautista Sacasa Sacasa formed a counter-government in Puerto Cabezas , which controlled the Miskito coast, between Río Grande and Puerto Cabezas. According to the constitution, the vice-president was president when the president was absent, from which the Partido Liberal derived a right to the presidency for Sacasa. From October 19 to October 23, 1926, negotiations were conducted on board the USS Denver , which was anchored off Corinto . The representatives were Carlos Cuadra Pasos for the Partido Conservador and Rodolfo Espinoza Ramírez for the Partido Liberal . At the time, the Partido Liberal included Moncada, Juan Bautista Sacasa and Augusto César Sandino .

Pacto del Espino Negro

The US government intervened for the second time in 1926 with troops in Nicaragua to support its accountant Díaz . Moncada fought as General Division until May 4, 1929 he graduated in Tipitapa with the US special envoy Henry L. Stimson under Espino Negro the Pacto del Espino Negro . As an interpreter, Moncada brought his nephew Anastasio Somoza García with him, who was subsequently entrusted with setting up the Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua .

Tiscapa

On January 1, 1929, Moncada replaced the Díaz under the protection of US troops in the presidential office, while Sandino and his Ejército Defensor de la Soberanía Nacional (EDSN) continued to fight against US troops and their aircraft. In 1929 construction began on the President's office on Loma de Tiscapa above Lagona de Tiscapa . On January 4, 1931 the official seat was inaugurated. Almost three months later, the building received its first damage from the Martes Santo earthquake (Tuesday before Easter) on March 31, 1931 at 10:23 a.m.

1931 earthquake

During the earthquake that destroyed Managua, Moncada was at his country estate, Palacete de Venecia on the Laguna de Masaya , where he wanted to spend the Semana Santa . The news of the disaster went a long way: it was reported to Washington DC via the information channels of the US Marines and Tropical Radio. From there the message went via New York to San Juan del Sur and from here via the telegraph line to Masatepe. Moncada returned to Managua that afternoon and set up a temporary seat in his cousin's house and State Secretary in the Foreign Ministry, Anastasio Somoza García. At that time, Somoza lived across from the Hermitage Perpetuo Socorro on the corner across from Campo de Marte , where the condolences of the Diplomatic Corps including Pius XI. and Herbert C. Hoover . The US Marines applied martial law and used dynamite to blow out fires. The daring arches of the presidential palace stood until the next earthquake on December 23, 1972, which destroyed Managua again.

End of life

On January 1, 1933, Dr. Juan Bautista Sacasa took over his presidency, receiving 84 percent of the vote. A few days later, the US occupation forces withdrew from Nicaragua. On February 2, Sandino signed a peace agreement in the presidential palace. On February 21, 1934, Anastasio Somoza García, Augusto César Sandino, his brother Sócrates, had the generals Juan Pablo Umanzor and Francisco Estrada murdered. Moncada is buried in the Rotonda de las Personas Ilustres on the Cementerio General of Managua.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ La Prensa EL MÁS COMPLETO ARCHIVO DE HISTORIA MILITAR ( Memento of the original of October 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ^ Time Nov. 12, 1928 Not a Jot, Not a Tittle

predecessor	Office	successor
Adolfo Díaz	President of Nicaragua January 1, 1929–1. January 1933	Juan Bautista Sacasa