Josif Kovachev

Josif Kovachev

Kovachev's Bulgarian primer from 1875

Josif Kovachev Antonov (also Yosif Kovachev Antonov written Bulgarian Йосиф Антонов Ковачев *  14. January 1839 in Štip , then Ottoman Empire , today in northern Macedonia , † 31 October 1898 in Sofia , Bulgaria ) was a Bulgarian enlightener, educator , politician , from 1886 to 1887 mayor of the Bulgarian capital Sofia and member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences .

Kowachev reformed the Bulgarian school system by being one of the first to divide students into school classes based on the Russian model . Since some of his workplaces are in what is now Macedonia, he is seen there as the founder of Macedonian school pedagogy.

Life

Josif Kowatschew was born in 1839 in the Macedonian city ​​of Ishtip (now Štip in the Republic of Macedonia), which belongs to the Ottoman Empire. He attended the monastery school in his hometown before going to Belgrade , where he graduated from the Spiritual Academy in 1861. In 1864 he received a scholarship from the Bulgarian Odessa Board (Bulgarian Одеско българско настоятелство; a scholarship for outstanding Bulgarian boys and girls, financed by Bulgarian merchants from Odessa , including Wasil Aprilov ). He moved to Kiev , where he attended the local spiritual academy . Here he got to know the works of Konstantin Uschinski , a founder of Russian school education.

After graduating in 1868, Kowatschew returned to Bulgaria, which was under Ottoman rule, and became a teacher at the Gabrovo comprehensive primary school and at the Bulgarian schools in Ishtip (1869–1870), Prilep and Gjilan . He was one of the first to introduce the class system and music teaching as a teaching method in the Bulgarian school system. For the latter, he relied on church music. In his hometown of Ishtip Kowatschew founded the "First Pedagogical School for Boys", a kind of elementary school for the Bulgarian population. In Prilep he founded a church choir from the students of the local Bulgarian school, which accompanied the masses in the church "Annunciation of the Lord" (built in 1838). Between 1872 and 1874 he was school inspector in Sandschak Kyustendil .

Published in 1873 Kovachev by the printing Mantschew his textbook Школска педагогия или методическо ръководство за учителите и управителите на народни школи (Engl about. Vocational education, or methodological textbook for teachers and heads of primary schools) and a year later in Vienna, the Guide " Буквар по нагледната и гласна метода “. In 1875 the printing house Christo Danow published the primer by Kowachev "Български буквар по звучната метода за народните школи" (to German about: Bulgarian primer) in Plovdiv , Ruse and Veles at the same time .

After the liberation of Bulgaria and the decisions of the Berlin Congress , Kowachev moved to Plovdiv, where he first became Minister of Education in Eastern Rumelia in 1879 . In the same year he was elected as a member of the Grand National Assembly (April 17 to June 26, 1879) and chairman of the municipal council of the Bulgarian capital Sofia. Between 1880 and 1881 Kowachev was general secretary in the Ministry of the Interior, 1882 member of the State Council and between October 20, 1886 and November 1, 1887 mayor of Sofia. As mayor, he was mainly involved in implementing Sofia's first regulatory plan.

With the formation of the "Sofia University" (today "Kliment-Ohridski" University ) in 1888, Kowachev became a lecturer in education, history of education and sociology. In 1895 during the Second Macedonian Congress, Kowachev was elected deputy chairman of the " Supreme Macedonia Committee " (OMK for short, Bulgarian Върховния македоноски комитет ). On the III. Congress he was confirmed in his function and between March and June 1897 he chaired the committee.

Josif Kowatschew died on October 31, 1898 in the Bulgarian capital and was buried in the Sofia Central Cemetery with state honors.

bibliography

Josif Kowatschew divided the Bulgarian language into three dialects in his works : Macedonian, or southern Bulgarian dialect; Balkans, or North Bulgarian dialect and Schopen, or Central Bulgarian dialect. In developing the New Bulgarian language, he advocated the Central Bulgarian dialect, which should act as a link between the three dialects. He was in contrast to Petar Beron and Najden Gerow , who preferred the (north) east Bulgarian dialects because of their proximity to Russian.

• Школска педагогия или методическо ръководство за учителите и управителите на народни школи (1873)
• Буквар по нагледната и гласна метода (1874)
• Български буквар по звучната метода за народните школи (1875)
• Ръководство за първоначалното обучение в четенето и писането по звучната метода (1879)

literature

• Boris Nikolov: Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник. , Sofia, 2001, p. 79.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Atanas Ishirkov: Пътуване из Македония и Поморавия, в: Научна експедиция в Македония и Поморания и Поморавието 1916 , Sofia University Publishers 116, Sofia 1993
2. ↑ Mayor of Sofia ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Едно мнение за общия език и правописание у нас: Та всета е мъчнотия тука, че нашия народ еднакво не говоре на всякъде, отсем това нашите пасичи, както ги нарича почитаемият оценител не са познати надлежно на всите наречия , които живеят у народната уста. ... Защото в по-главните наречия, както северно-българското или балкансктото, южно-българското или македонското, и средно-българското или шопското няма никаква голяма разлика в коренето и значението на думите , която би могла да ни заплашува от тая страна ... . В` нашият язик и найвише в` шопското наречие .. in the magazine Ден, г. 1, бр. 16, 1875

Web links

Commons : Josif Kowachev  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Brief biography and bibliographical contributions of Kowachev (bulg.)

predecessor	Office	successor
Ivan Slavicov	Mayor of Sofia 1886 - 1887	Nikola Daskalov

predecessor	Office	successor
Danail Nikolaev	Chairman of the Supreme Macedonia Committee March 6, 1897- July 1897	Christo Stanishev