Štip

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Štip
Штип
Shtip
Štip coat of arms
Štip (North Macedonia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
Region : east
Municipality : Štip
Coordinates : 41 ° 45 '  N , 22 ° 12'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 44 '45 "  N , 22 ° 11' 44"  E
Height : 300  m. i. J.
Area (Opština) : 583.24  km²
Residents : 43,652 (2002)
Inhabitants (Opština) : 47,796 (2002)
Population density : 82 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+389) 032
Postal code : 2000
License plate : ŠT
Structure and administration
Structure : 44 villages
Mayor : Zoran Aleksov
Website :

Štip ʃtip ( Macedonian Штип ; Albanian  Shtip / -i ; Turkish İştip ) is a city in eastern North Macedonia and the administrative seat of the municipality of the same name . The city is the center of the textile industry in the country and an important base for the armed forces of North Macedonia .

geography

The mouth of the Otinja into the Bregalnica below the Isar fortress hill in the west of the city

Štip is located in the eastern part of North Macedonia, on the south-eastern edge of the Ovče Pole plateau at an altitude of 300 meters. The Jurukluci hill country begins immediately southeast of the city and extends to the east. The original town center is to the left of the Bregalnica , nestled between the river and the many hills. The Otinja flows through the town, dividing Štip into a northern and a southern half. The well-known hill fortress Isar rises to the west of the old town at 360 meters above sea level and is located at the confluence of the Otinja and the Bregalnica.

The Jurukluci hill country belongs to the Plačkovica massif , which, together with the Lisec mountain, reaches a maximum altitude of 1754 meters. The Plačkovica Mountains, consisting of granite and marble, are located between the two towns of Radoviš in the south and Vinica in the north, which are 40.5 and 47.8 kilometers away from Štip, respectively.

The urban area has a maximum north-south extension of 3.8 kilometers and a maximum west-east extension of 3.6 kilometers. In total, the built-up urban area amounts to around 9 square kilometers.

The area of ​​the municipality (Macedonian Opština ) amounts to 583.24 square kilometers. The population density in 2002 was about 81 inhabitants per square kilometer. Neighboring municipalities are Probištip and Karbinci in the north, Radoviš in the east, Konče , Negotino and Gradsko in the south and Lozovo and Sveti Nikole in the west (all clockwise one after the other).

Štip
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
30th
 
5
-3
 
 
29
 
8th
-1
 
 
33
 
13
3
 
 
40
 
18th
7th
 
 
58
 
23
11
 
 
47
 
27
14th
 
 
38
 
30th
16
 
 
32
 
30th
16
 
 
32
 
26th
12
 
 
44
 
20th
8th
 
 
52
 
12
3
 
 
40
 
6th
-1
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Štip
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 4.5 8.1 12.7 18.1 23.2 27.3 30.1 30.0 26.2 19.5 11.9 6.1 O 18.2
Min. Temperature (° C) -2.8 -0.8 2.5 6.6 11.0 14.3 16.1 15.8 12.4 7.7 3.1 -1.1 O 7.1
Precipitation ( mm ) 30.0 29.0 33.1 39.9 57.6 47.3 37.5 31.7 31.6 44.0 52.2 40.3 Σ 474.2
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.2 4.0 5.2 6.6 7.9 9.2 10.4 9.9 8.3 6.1 3.8 2.6 O 6.4
Rainy days ( d ) 5 5 6th 6th 7th 6th 4th 4th 4th 5 6th 7th Σ 65
Humidity ( % ) 80 75 68 63 63 59 53 54 59 68 78 82 O 66.8
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
4.5
-2.8
8.1
-0.8
12.7
2.5
18.1
6.6
23.2
11.0
27.3
14.3
30.1
16.1
30.0
15.8
26.2
12.4
19.5
7.7
11.9
3.1
6.1
-1.1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		30.0
29.0
33.1
39.9
57.6
47.3
37.5
31.7
31.6
44.0
52.2
40.3
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

history

Artifacts found in Astibos on display at the National Museum

Antiquity

The predecessor of Štip is the ancient city of Astibos , the founders of which are not clearly classified. She probably founded a Thracian - Illyrian mixed people. The ancient name Astibos lives on in today's Štip . During late antiquity, the Slavs took over the word Shtip from the Illyrians . Astibos was along one of the Via Traiana , which led from Serdica via Pautalia to Stobi . Under the Byzantines it was called Stipion and with the settlement of the area by the Slavs it was finally called Štip .

middle Ages

In the 8th century Štip became part of the First Bulgarian Empire and after its end in 1018 it was again Byzantine. In the following centuries, the region was disputed between the Bulgarian, Byzantine and Serbian empires , but local rulers were also able to assert themselves. In the 14th century under Konstantin Dragaš it became part of his despotate Welbaschd and after the Battle of the Mariza in 1371, when Constantine became a vassal of the Ottomans , it became Ottoman.

Ottoman period (14th to 20th centuries)

In the following centuries the Ottomans named the city İştip and administratively it belonged to the sanjak of Kyustendil . At this time some Yörük families settled here , but the city remained with a majority Christian population. With the conquest, among other things, the medieval church of the Archangel Michael was converted into a mosque. However, other church buildings remained.

A description of İştibs from the High Ottoman period (16th / 17th century) can be found in the “travel book” ( Seyahatnâme ) of the Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi . He noted that the city is a regional trading center and that the 450 shops mainly sell milk and meat products and wool. After Çelebi there was still a department store ( Bezestān ), two public baths and a few caravanserais in İştip .

In the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) İştib was captured by Austrian troops. In the 19th century, the German scientist Ami Boué visited the city. According to Boué, it was a thriving center of trade and handicrafts with between 15 and 20,000 Bulgarian and Turkish residents. A Jewish community also existed at this time.

Bulgarian national movement

Štip at the end of the 19th century

After the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1870, Štip belonged to the Kyustendil eparchy in the Newrokop diocese . In the following period there were two Bulgarian primary schools and a grammar school. Around 1894 the population rose to around 20,900, 10,900 of whom were Bulgarians, 8,700 Turks, 800 Jews and 500 Roma . Around 1900 a revolutionary committee of the BMARK was founded in Štip . The mountainous region around Štip not only offered protection for fighters of the organization, but also important communication routes of the BMARK. On November 21, the BMARK carried out an attack in Štip. One person died and others were injured. In the subsequent pogroms on the Bulgarian population, 20 people died and over 300 were injured.

20th century

After six hundred years of belonging to the Ottoman Empire, Štip was captured by the Bulgarian army in the course of the Balkan Wars in 1912/13. During the war, 434 residents of the city took part in the Macedonia-Adrianople Volunteer Corps of the Bulgarian Army. As a result of the Bucharest Peace Treaty , it fell to Serbia in 1913 , until the city became Bulgarian again during the First and Second World Wars . After the Second World War, Štip became part of the Yugoslav socialist republic of Macedonia , and since 1992 the city has belonged to the independent Macedonia.

Population development

According to the 2002 census, the municipality of Štip has 47,796 inhabitants. 43,652 of them lived in Štip alone. In addition to Macedonians (87.2%), the population also consisted of Roma (4.6%), Aromanians (4.3%) and Turks (2.7%). The majority profess Orthodox Christianity .

Cityscape

Ruins of the Hüsameddin Pasha Mosque in the old town

The townscape of Štip was strongly influenced by the long Ottoman rule. Whole quarters of typical Ottoman town houses, mosques , tekken , cobbled streets and alleys, long stone arch bridges, madrasas and caravanserais emerged. However, the Slavic character was not completely lost and even strengthened during the Bulgarian national movement in the 19th century. Architecturally new buildings were built that still characterize many quarters, streets and boulevards today.

The town's landmark is the Isar hill fortress, which adjoins the old town to the west. In addition to a panoramic view, it offers some fragments of the 19 meter high fortress wall as well as some medieval churches from the 14th century. The ruins of the ancient city of Astibos are also located on the Isar hill.

The National Museum

The Ottoman-influenced old town has several sights that are also among the landmarks of Štip. These include the clock tower ( Sahat-Kula ) from 1650. Another Ottoman sight is the Besistan , the covered, former market from the 16th or 17th century, which is made entirely of stone. Today the art gallery is housed there. The city's national museum is also located in the old town. The building is built in the typical Ottoman architectural style and houses a large collection of historical, artistic and cultural artifacts from the region around Štip. The Ottoman stone arch bridge (Macedonian Kamen Most ) spans the Bregalnica and connects the eastern and western halves of the city. Although it was built in 1672, it is still used by everyday city traffic.

West of the Bregalnica in the north of the city is the industrial center and a base of the North Macedonian army .

economy

During the Yugoslav era, Štip was the center of the textile industry in the confederation. Even today most of the workforce is employed in industry, although production declined rapidly after the country's independence and many workers were laid off.

Agriculture plays an important role in the Ovče Pole plateau . The products made here are sold nationwide.

There is a 208 hectare Technological Industrial Development Zone.

traffic

The Štip train station is on the Veles – Kočani railway line . Only the daily train pair between Skopje and Kočani stops here .

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Štip  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thede Kahl, Izer Maksuti, Albert Ramaj: The Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia . Facts, analyzes, opinions on interethnic coexistence. In: Viennese Eastern European Studies . tape 23 . Lit Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-7000-0584-9 , ISSN  0946-7246 , The Albanian Continuity of Pre-Roman Place Names in Today's Macedonia, p. 12 .
  2. ↑ a b c The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill. Leiden Vol. 4, p. 121 f. (Article: Ishtib)
  3. ↑ Goergiew W./Trifonow, St .: История на българите 1878–1944 в документи, Volume I, Part 2, Verlag “Просвета”, Sofia 1996, ISBN 954-01-0558-7 , pp. 548–552.
  4. ↑ 2002 census by locality. (PDF; 2.3 MB) Retrieved September 15, 2012 .
  5. ^ "Clock Tower". Retrieved September 14, 2012 .
  6. ↑ Bezisten, Stip. Retrieved September 14, 2012 .
  7. ↑ National Museum, Stip. Retrieved September 14, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Emir Kucuk Sultan's bridge. Retrieved September 14, 2012 .
  9. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from September 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ^ Tobias Heinze: Course book of the Macedonian Railway. Timetable year 2019. In: ec-tobias.de , accessed on May 31, 2020.