Tetovo

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Tetovo
Тетово
Tetova / Tetovë
Tetovo coat of arms
Tetovo (North Macedonia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
Region : Polog
Municipality : Tetovo
Coordinates : 42 ° 0 ′  N , 20 ° 58 ′  E Coordinates: 42 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 20 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 469  m. i. J.
Area (Opština) : 261.89  km²
Residents : 56,080 (2016)
Inhabitants (Opština) : 91,760 (2016)
Population density : 350 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+389) 044
Postal code : 1200
License plate : TE
Structure and administration
Structure : 20 localities
Mayoress : Teuta Arifi ( BDI )
Website :

Tetovo (  [ ˈtɛtɔvɔ ] ; Macedonian Тетово , Albanian Tetova [ tɛˈtɔva ] or Tetovë [ tɛˈtɔvə ]; Turkish Kalkandelen [ ˌkaɫˈkandelen ]) is a city in northwestern North Macedonia near the border with Kosovo . It lies at the foot of the Šar Planina (Albanian Mali i Sharrit ) and is the official seat of the Opština of the same name . Please click to listen!Play

The city is considered to be the center of the Albanians in North Macedonia , as the most important Albanian university and many organizations are based here.

geography

The Pena and the Ottoman Hamam

Tetovo is located in the plain called Polog in northwestern North Macedonia, which is about 55 kilometers long and eight to ten kilometers wide. It is bordered by the Šar Planina in the west, the Mali i Thatë in the east and the Mali Zhede in the south, all of which reach heights of over 2000 meters above the Adriatic Sea . The Kosovo is only a few kilometers to the north.

The river Pena rises west of the city in the mountains and flows through the old town until it flows outside the city in the east into the Vardar , the longest river in North Macedonia.

The climate is semi- continental . Summers are warm and winters cold. There is abundant rainfall throughout the year, but especially in autumn and spring.

The geographic features of the region, such as the climate, the relief and the geological composition of the earth, made it possible to produce a multitude of water sources. Tetovo and the surrounding area is one of the few cities in North Macedonia that has its own clean water.

population

city

Tetovo has 52,915 inhabitants (as of 2002). These live in 12,920 households, which makes about 4 people per household. Of these, 28,897 (or 54.61%) are Albanians , 18,555 (35.07%) Macedonians , 2352 (4.44%) Roma , (3.55%) 1878 Turks , 587 (1.12%) Serbs , (0 , 29%) 156 Bosniaks and 490 (0.92%) belong to other ethnic groups.

29,363 (or 55.49%) give Albanian as their mother tongue, Macedonian 18,980 (35.89%), Turkish 2078 (3.93%), Romani 1600 (3.02%), Serbian 378 (0.71%) and 516 (0.96%) indicated other languages.

33,509 (or 63.33%) belong to Islam , 18,676 (35.29%) belong to the Orthodox Church , 76 (0.14%) belong to the Roman Catholic Church and 654 (1.24%) belong to other religions or Worldviews.

In 2016, the population was estimated at 56,080.

local community

The municipality of Tetovo has 86,580 inhabitants (as of 2002). These live in 20,094 households, which makes a little more than 4 people per household. Of these, 60,886 (or 70.32%) are Albanians, 20,053 (23.16%) Macedonians, 2357 (2.72%) Roma, 1882 (2.17%) Turks, 604 (0.7%) Serbs, 156 ( 0.18%) Bosniaks and 642 (0.75%) belong to other ethnic groups.

history

A postcard from 1913

The first traces of human settlement in the urban area can be found in antiquity. At that time the place was called Euneum . A 9 cm long and 4 cm wide bronze statue from the 6th century BC. BC is the oldest archaeological find in the region. The statue was found in 1933 and is now in the city museum.

According to Ottoman sources, Kalkandelen - as the place was called by the Turks - was a traders and craftsmen's village in the 15th century, which, however, experienced extensive growth with their conquest. In 1689, Tetovo was first referred to as a “city”. Most of the culturally important buildings date from the Ottoman era, including the Arabati-Tekke library from the 18th and 19th centuries, the former hammam next to it and the colorful mosque, which is interesting for tourists .

Tetovo was also not spared the growing nationalism on the Balkan Peninsula . In 1844 Albanians organized an uprising against the Ottoman Empire. They protested against the excessive taxes imposed on them and the policy of centralization. After the uprising was crushed, many Albanian residents of Tetovo were imprisoned or exiled to Asia Minor .

The St. Cyril and Methodius Church in the old town was built in 1918 and consecrated in 1925.

On July 30, 1969, a serious railway accident occurred on the route to Gostivar , when escaped freight cars collided with a railcar coming from Tetovo. 29 people died.

economy

View from the mountains towards the city in east direction

During the time of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , the Teteks textile factory was built in Tetovo , which made up the main part of the local economy until the state union collapsed . For a long time after the collapse, the economy of the municipality of Tetovo was idle, but in the meantime several small businesses have been founded, which contribute significantly to economic growth. Companies such as Frigo Teknika even export their goods abroad. The trade in imported and exported goods, food and tourism, mainly from the emigrated Tetovars, are other major branches of the economy. Investments by the Tetovars living abroad make a major contribution to economic growth, especially in the construction and service sectors.

The Šar Planina is one of the most famous ski areas in North Macedonia and annually attracts numerous tourists from all over Southeast Europe.

traffic

Street

The M4 motorway from the capital Skopje continues past Tetovo to Gostivar . There are plans to connect Tetovo with the Kosovar R 8 motorway and Prizren . This would eliminate the current detour and the long journey times to Kosovo . The bus station is located in the immediate vicinity of the train station.

railroad

Tetovo train station is on the Skopje – Kičevo railway line . During the First World War, the line was initially built as a narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of 600 mm as the Skopje – Ohrid railway line . Since 1952 the standard-gauge line extended from Skopje to Gostivar, i.e. also to Tetovo, and since 1969 it has continued to Kičevo . According to the 2020 timetable, there is only one connection per day in each direction in passenger transport.

air traffic

The Skopje airport can be reached km away and fast, only about 70 on the highway. The Pristina International Airport is about 100 km further away, however, has more flights and offers additional destinations.

Culture

Arabati-Baba-Tekke
Colorful mosque

The city is shaped both by the cultures of the various ethnic groups and by the natural beauty of the surrounding area. Many remains from the Ottoman period have been preserved, which are among the most important and oldest architectural monuments in the city. The most famous building is the colorful mosque from the 15th century. Not far from the Islamic church is the dervish monastery complex . The Tekke Arabati-Baba ( Albanian  Teqja e Arabati-Babës ) was originally built between 1538 and 1548 in honor of Sersem Ali Dede , who died there . The majority of today's buildings date from the late 19th century, when they were all renovated and expanded. During the Yugoslav era, all access to the Tekke was forbidden and the dervishes stayed away, but with the independence of Macedonia in 1993 the doors were reopened.

North of the city near the road to Kosovo is the Macedonian Orthodox Monastery of Lešok .

The well-known pop-rock band Elita 5 was founded in Tetovo and was one of the most famous interpreters of pop music of the 1980s and 90s.

There are also several sports clubs in Tetovo. Probably the most popular football club is the KF Shkëndija , which is particularly popular among the Albanian population. There is also the FK Teteks Tetovo , which mainly receives support from the local Macedonian population. FK Teteks Tetovo already played in the top division during the time of Yugoslavia. There is also the KF Renova Džepčište, which emerged from the renowned construction company Renova and has played continuously in the highest Macedonian league since 2008.

Attractions

Tetovo has a varied history, which also had an impact on the cityscape and its architecture. Numerous buildings and monuments were erected in the different epochs, which are today among the most important sights of the city. Although the actual old town lost its original splendor due to a few new buildings, the most famous buildings were able to escape demolition. The historic city center on the Pena River (also known as Artat in Albanian) stands out alongside the colorful mosque built in 1495, the Tekke Arabati-Baba from the 16th century and with the clock tower . To the north on the hill of Baltepe at an altitude of 800 meters is the Tetovo fortress. It was created in 1820 by the local pasha Abdurrahman Pasha.

The church “St. Cyril and Methodius ”, which was inaugurated in 1925.

education

Tetovo is a regional education center. There are a total of five pre-schools, twelve elementary schools, four middle schools and one high school.

In 1994 the University of Tetovo was founded as a private Albanian initiative. As a result, the country's first Albanian university was repeatedly a source of conflict and point of contention in the ethnic tensions between Albanians and Macedonians. Since it was recognized by the government in 2004, it has been one of the four state universities.

In November 2002, the South East European University was opened as a pioneer , the first private university in the country.

politics

Municipal coat of arms

administration

There are 31 members in the local council (alb. Këshilli i Komunës ; maz. Совет на Општина). It is the legislature of the municipality and also exercises a control function over the mayor. For the 2013-2017 legislative period, the distribution of seats is as follows:

The community's mayor has been the philologist Teuta Arifi (BDI) since 2013 . In North Macedonia, municipal mayors exercise a control function on the municipal council; he also proposes and implements the annual budget to the municipal council.

The official languages ​​of the municipality are both Macedonian and Albanian .

coat of arms

A gray three-arched bridge rests on the shield. At the heart of the single, yellow-colored shield is the blue and white Arabati-Baba-Tekke as a common figure . In the shield base, the river Pena is shown with three blue bars. Above it lies the Illyrian sculpture of Menada in a gray semicircle .

Personalities

Blerim Destani actor

literature

  • Machiel Kiel , Hedda Reindl-Kiel: The Polog plain and the former Ottoman kaza Kalkandelen (Tetovo) in Macedonia - settlement history and demographic remarks. In: Andreas Helmedach / Markus Koller / Konrad Petrovszky / Stefan Rohdewald (eds.): The Ottoman Europe. Methods and perspectives of early modern research on Southeast Europe. Eudora-Verlag, Leipzig 2014, ISBN 978-3-938533-30-7 , pp. 73-92.

Web links

Commons : Tetovo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pozita gjeografike dhe klima ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: tetova.gov.mk (Albanian, English and Macedonian), last accessed on February 8, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tetova.gov.mk
  2. ^ A b Macedonia census (results sorted by locality). State Statistical Office, 2002, accessed February 2, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Macedonia: Statistical Regions & Settlements - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information. Retrieved April 15, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b Macedonia census (results sorted by municipality). State Statistical Office, 2002, accessed February 2, 2016 .
  5. ↑ a b Menada e Tetovës ( Memento of the original from November 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tetova.gov.mk
  6. ↑ Vështrimi historik ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: tetova.gov.mk (Albanian, English and Macedonian), last accessed on February 8, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tetova.gov.mk
  7. ↑ Miranda Vickers: Shqiptarët - Një histori modern . Bota Shqiptare, 2008, ISBN 978-99956-11-68-2 , Vazhdimi i shpërbërjes së Perandorisë Osmane, p. 48 (English: The Albanians - A Modern History . Translated by Xhevdet Shehu).
  8. ↑ Monumentet historike ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: tetova.gov.mk (Albanian), last accessed on February 8, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tetova.gov.mk
  9. ↑ Ekonomia ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: tetova.gov.mk (Albanian, English and Macedonian), last accessed on February 8, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tetova.gov.mk
  10. ↑ Turizmi ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: tetova.gov.mk (Albanian, English and Macedonian), last accessed on February 8, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tetova.gov.mk
  11. ^ Tobias Heinze: Course book of the Macedonian Railway. Timetable year 2018. In: ec-tobias.de , accessed on May 27, 2020.
  12. ^ Municipality Council: Council Members. Official website of the municipality, accessed on February 2, 2016 (English).
  13. ↑ Mayor of the Municipality: Mayor's Biography. Official website of the municipality, accessed on February 2, 2016 (English).
  14. ↑ Mayor of the Municipality: The authorities of the mayor. Official website of the municipality, accessed on February 2, 2016 (English).
  15. ↑ Darko Janevski: Doracak mbi legjislacionin kombëtar në sferën e përdorimit të gjuhëve të bashkësive etnike në Republikën e Maqedonisë. (PDF file; 2.7 MB) Foundation Open Society Macedonia, 2009, accessed on February 2, 2016 (Albanian, p. 53;).
  16. ↑ Најдолгиот пат на Бранко Гапо Докуменрарец за Бранко Гапо