Rashi house

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Jewish Museum in the Raschi House in Worms
Rashi house with synagogue
The Raschi-Haus Worms and the adjacent synagogue garden. In the first plan to the left, the synagogue of men (the west side of the synagogue, today yeshiva).
Data
place Hintere Judengasse 6

67547 Worms

Art
historical Museum
architect Rittmannsperger + Kleebank GmbH
opening 1982
operator
City of Worms
management
Website
ISIL DE-MUS-359119
The synagogue of Worms (entrance to the women's synagogue). The Rashi House is a little clear to the left behind the synagogue inside the alley. Behind on the right, the synagogue garden, and on the back, yeshiva, which is not clear in this photo.

The Raschi-Haus is a historic building in the Jewish quarter of the city of Worms . It is located in the south of the synagogue district and has always been an important part of the Jewish Worm. In its 800-year history it has been used in various ways: as a Talmud school , hospital, dance and wedding house, rabbi apartment and retirement home. Today it houses the Worms City Archives and a Jewish museum .

history

Memorial plaque for the laying of the foundation stone of the Rashi House

The medieval parts of the Raschi house date from the 14th century. The medieval Talmud school, today named Raschi Lehrhaus after its teacher Rabbi Schelomo ben Jizchaki (1040–1105) , was one of the most important in Germany.

While the building was called Tanzhaus und Spital in the 15th century , it was later called “Zur Klause”. Its vaulted cellars were probably used as a wine cellar. What happened to the dance house when the city was destroyed in 1689 by the troops of King Louis XIV of France is not known. However, it can be assumed that it burned down like the whole Judengasse. The rebuilt building is mentioned in 1760 in the visitation protocol of the magistrate with all other houses on Judengasse.

In the 18th century there was a room with a Torah shrine . In this "Klaus Synagogue" the weekday services took place until the Levy Synagogue was built in 1875. At that time the rabbi who “docierte”, that is, gave private Talmud lessons, also lived and taught here. In the 19th and 20th centuries the building was used as a nursing home (hospital) for the Jewish community.

Together with the synagogue, the parish hall (house "Zur Sonne") and the Levy synagogue, it formed the center of the Israelite religious community in Worms. This remained so until the National Socialist Night of the Pogrom , when the Old Synagogue burned down on the morning of November 10, 1938, and the parish hall and the Levy synagogue were devastated. As a “ Judenhaus ”, the house was then used until 1942 as a stopover for Jews expelled from their homes in the city on their way to the extermination camps.

After severe damage in World War II , the building threatened to collapse and was demolished in 1971. The vaults and parts of the ground floor were preserved as the original, medieval building structure, some of which went back to Roman times. Because of its urban, historical and liturgical importance, the reconstruction of the demolished building as a cultural meeting and conference center was decided and completed between 1980 and 1982; the new building was modeled on the previous house. Today the Raschi House houses a Judaica Museum in the basement and ground floor, the Worms City Archives and the Lower Monument Protection Authority on the upper floor and the Photo Archive on the top floor.

Judaica Museum

View of the exhibition of the Jewish Museum in the medieval vaulted cellar of the Rashi House

Already when the antiquity association was founded and the municipal museum was set up in 1879/81, the importance of the Worms Judaica was pointed out, which is worth a permanent presentation. After a few attempts, a Jewish museum was finally founded in 1912. The exhibits were shown on the upper floor of the synagogue's porch. However, many of these unique pieces were lost when the synagogue was destroyed on November 10, 1938.

The Judaica Museum, which opened in 1982 in the newly built Raschi House, has a permanent exhibition of models, documents, plans, cult objects and photographs on the history of Jewish life from the beginnings with the first mention of the Worms synagogue in 1034 until the end of the Jewish community during National Socialism .

This includes a facsimile of the oldest document preserved in the city archives, with which King Heinrich IV granted the "Jews and other Worms" exemption from duty in 1074, but also archaeological finds from the structural remains of the Worms Judengasse or sacred objects such as the cup of the Worms burial brotherhood .

There are also special exhibitions, for example on the development of the synagogue's architectural history. Most recently, the museum was expanded with a digital media station. Overall, the museum's exhibition focuses primarily on socio-historical pieces. The aim is to present Jewish Worms as a case study for Jewish life on the Upper Rhine.

The previous permanent exhibition was closed in summer 2020 and is to be redesigned by September 2020. The focus will shift from Worms to the ShUM cities and ShUM in general.

memorial

The Rashi House serves as a meeting place and memorial. The last Jews in Worms were deported from here in 1942. The "Association Raschi-Lehrhaus Worms eV" has been campaigning for the reconstruction since 1968. The New York “Rashi Association”, which is dedicated to the preservation of Jewish monuments around the world, was also involved in the planning.

“The new Rashi House will be a place of encounter, research and the scientific maintenance of tradition. In addition to a Jewish museum, it will house the city archive, in which the parchment and paper witnesses of the past, including the Jewish worm, are kept. "

- Fritz Reuter : On the history and development of the Raschi Lehrhaus

literature

  • Fritz Reuter: Jewish Worms. Rashi House and Judengasse. Worms 1992. (shorter version: The Jewish Museum Raschi-Haus in Worms , in: Der Wormsgau 15, 1987/91, pp. 10-29)
  • Fritz Reuter: Warmaisa. 1000 years of Jews in Worms. Worms 1984.
  • Gerold Bönnen , Irene Spille: Jewish Museum in the Raschi-Haus Worms. Worms 2000. (Brochure) ( Memento from June 19, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  • Gerold Bönnen: Remarks on the Worms Raschi reception since the 17th century , in: Raschi und seine Erbe. International conference of the University of Jewish Studies with the city of Worms , ed. v. Daniel Kroiellnik / Hanna Liss / Ronen Reichman, Heidelberg 2007 (Writings of the University for Jewish Studies 10), pp. 185–198.
  • Otto Böcher : Raschis Lehrhaus in Worms , in: Emuna. Sheets for Christian-Jewish cooperation 4/1. Cologne 1969, pp. 25-28.

Web links

Commons : Raschi House  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Reuter: Warmaisa, p. 81f. "Since 1600, the Worms Jewish Code has also provided evidence of the wine trade."
  2. ^ Fritz Reuter: Peter and Johann Friedrich Hamman. Hand drawings by Worms from the time before and after the city's destruction in 1689 in the “War of the Palatinate Succession”. Worms 1989, p. 70f .: "View of the destroyed city from the north, where only burned-out ruins are depicted in the Judengasse between Martins- and Judenpforte."
  3. ↑ a b Fritz Reuter: Jewish Worms. Rashi House and Judengasse. Worms 1998. p. 4
  4. ^ Worms city administration: 5. Citizen information. Urban redevelopment of Worms: The Judengasse. Worms 1978. p. 8
  5. ↑ a b Fritz Reuter: Jewish Worms. Rashi House and Judengasse. Worms 1998. p. 5
  6. ↑ Annelore and Karl Schlösser: Nobody was spared. The persecution of the Jews 1933–1945 in Worms. Verlag Stadtarchiv Worms, Worms 1987, p. 74.
  7. ^ Worms city administration: 5. Citizen information. Urban redevelopment of Worms: The Judengasse. Worms 1978. p. 9
  8. ^ City of Worms: Signpost through the Raschi house. ( Memento of February 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 0.22 MB) Accessed June 14, 2013.
  9. ↑ Article on the exhibition: "In the footsteps of the Worms synagogue" ( Memento from June 19, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  10. ^ Joachim Bonath: Jewish Museum presents new media station. ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) in: W1-Extrablatt. Accessed June 14, 2013.
  11. ^ Fritz Reuter: Jewish Worms. Rashi House and Judengasse. Worms 1998. p. 10
  12. ^ VRM GmbH & Co KG: Worms: Jewish Museum is being redesigned - Wormser Zeitung. June 23, 2020, accessed August 29, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Annelore and Karl Schlösser: Nobody was spared. The persecution of the Jews 1933–1945 in Worms. Verlag Stadtarchiv Worms, Worms 1987, p. 74.
  14. ↑ Fritz Reuter, Director of the Worms City Archives, on the new Raschi House (PDF; 219 kB) ( Memento from February 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 0.1 ″  N , 8 ° 21 ′ 58.6 ″  E