Juliusz Zieliński
Juliusz Zieliński (born May 6, 1881 in Komorsk, Schwetz district , † January 9, 1944 in Dachau ) was a Polish teacher. Before the Second World War he was an activist of the Union of Poles in Germany ( Związek Polaków w Niemczech ) and head of the Polish school in Flatow (Krajna).
Life
Until 1929
Juliusz Zieliński is the son of the Polish farmer couple Jakub Zieliński and Weronika born. Oszwałdowski. He passed his Abitur in the German teacher training college in Tuchel and from the school year 1901/1902 he began his teaching career at elementary schools, first in Kozłowo , then in Buk Pomorski ( Brodnicki district ) and from 1912 in Białochowo , where he became Maria Domański in November of the same year married, daughter of the teacher Franciszek Domański and sister of the priest Bolesław Domański . He took over the school in Białochowo from his retired father-in-law.
During the First World War he was called up as a Prussian citizen in the German army on January 12, 1915. After training, he was sent to the Eastern Front against Russia as a paramedic with the rank of non-commissioned officer. There he was wounded in the battle of Narew in early August . After recovering, he was transferred to France in October - to positions on the Somma and Oise rivers; he stayed there until January 1916. After several stays in hospital due to heart failure, he was released from the army on August 17, 1916. He returned to the family in Białochowo and resumed his work in the school system.
In the years 1919–1920, after the national rebirth of Poland, he was involved in the establishment of the Polish state. a. Commander of the vigilante group, then on January 14, 1920, the district administrator of Grudziądz (Graudenz) appointed him district head for the Dusocin district and a day later also the registrar for the Białochowo district.
In the same year he moved with his family from Białochowo to Szembruczek, where he became headmaster. On August 14, 1920, the district commander of the People's Army in Graudenz appointed him commander of the 18th People's Army Company for the Łasin district. He was also a member of an organization that participated in the war - the Federation of Insurgents and Warriors.
1929 to 1939
In 1929 Juliusz Zieliński was given leave of absence from the school system in Poland and sent to Polish schools abroad. On July 1st he came to the newly founded school in Flatow, Germany. Since the school year 1929/30 he was head of the school. During this time he lived mainly abroad, separated from the family (he had a daughter Irena and two sons: Edward and Henryk ). He only ever visited his homeland for a short time. Together with other teachers at the school, he shaped the cultural life of Flatow Land, he organized trips to Poland (including to Wieliczka (Great Salts)), Posen , Częstochowa (Czestochowa) and Kraków (Cracow) practiced small plays with the children on various occasions (e.g. before Christmas), gave speeches and lectures for parents and sometimes supported the organization of such lectures (together with Józef Mozolewski and Izydor Mackowicz) financially.
As an activist of the Polish minority in Pomerania, he often visited his brother-in-law in the nearby Buschdorf (Zakrzewo), pastor Bolesław Domański, the "priest godfather" of the Poles in the German Empire, since 1931 chairman of the Union of Poles in Germany (Związek Polaków w Niemczech) . Together with Pastor Domański and teacher Kania, Zieliński directed the activities of the youth society in Buschdorf.
Juliusz Zieliński was the leader of the Flatow conference group and gave lectures for other teachers as well as for other groups of Poles in Flatow Land, members of the Union of Poles in Germany. One of his assessments by the school authorities is:
" ... umiał znaleźć mnóstwo dróg i sposobów do konsekwentnego wcielania w życie moralnych i kulturalnych wartości własnego Narodu, wdrażając powierzoną sobie młodzież do śmiałego i czona polska przee wich "
“ ... he knew how to find many ways and methods to put the cultural and moral values of his own people into practice, and he guided the youth entrusted to him to courageously and actively confess their Poles. "
Since 1939
At the beginning of the Second World War, Juliusz Zieliński stayed with the family in Graudenz. He fled east with his wife. In this way he was able to avoid the executions of Polish teachers that took place after the invasion of German troops. After Warsaw's defeat, he returned to Graudenz with his family. Soon, in early October 1939, he and a whole group of local intellectuals were arrested by the Self-Protection Department. He was imprisoned in an "East Boarding School" which was converted into a prison for Poles. He was often interrogated on charges of “having Polonized German children in Flatow”. After a few weeks, on December 8, 1939, he was released.
Together with his family that remained with him (i.e. only his wife and granddaughter) he spent the winter months until March 1940, when the Gestapo arrested him (both sons had been imprisoned, his son-in-law hid from the Germans in his daughter Irena had been expelled from the apartment). He was in the prison in Graudenz for a few days and was then transported away with other prisoners to an unknown destination. After a few weeks the news came that he was in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In September 1940 he was sent to the Dachau concentration camp, where he was given camp number 17519. There he died in January 1944, according to an official report because of "ascites" . Meanwhile, his apartment in Graudenz was confiscated and his wife had to live outside the city. She died in 1948.
literature
- Leon Kowalski, Czas próby. Wspomnienia nauczyciela z ziemi złotowskiej (1930–1939), Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 1965.
- Ziemia Złotowska, Wojciech Wrzesiński (ed.), Gdańsk 1969, p. 123.
- Maria Zientara-Malewska, Złotowszczyzna, Wydawnictwo Łódzkie, 1971 (pp. 64–70)
- Maria Zientara-Malewska, Wspomnienia nauczycielki spod znaku rodła, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa 1985 (pp. 114-115).
- Janusz Justyna, Pamiętajcie o dyrektorze (“Historia Ziemi Złotowskiej” series), “Aktuellności localne”, no 17/658, April 27, 2011, p. 16.
- Zofia Jelonkowa, Po wizycie prof. Teresy Szostek (Uniwersytet Wrocławski) w Złotowie , portal Muzeum Ziemi Złotowskiej, 2011
- "Juliusz Zieliński bohater nieco zapomniany" (www.zlotow.naszemiasto.pl), 4th August 2011
- Złotów nasz i wasz, part 2, ed. Biblioteka Muzeum Ziemi Złotowskiej, Zofia Jelonkowa (Red.), Złotów 2012, ISBN 978-83-935282-0-2
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zieliński, Juliusz |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish teacher |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 6, 1881 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Komorsk, Schwetz district |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 9, 1944 |
| Place of death | Dachau |